硬质聚氨酯泡沫/聚磷酸铵复合材料的制备及阻燃性能研究  

Preparation and Flame Retardant Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foam/Ammonium Polyphosphate Composites

作　　者：姜浩浩 刘新亮 邹勇 周子健 黄新杰[1] 唐刚[1,3] IANG Hao-hao;LIU Xin-liang;ZOU Yong;ZHOU Zi-jian;HUANG Xin-jie;TANG Gang(School of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Anhui University of Technology,Ma anshan 243032,China;School of Mathematics and Physics,Anhui University of Technology,Ma anshan 243032,China;State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽工业大学建筑工程学院,安徽马鞍山243032 [2]安徽工业大学数理科学与工程学院,安徽马鞍山243032 [3]西南科技大学四川省非金属复合与功能材料重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《塑料工业》2019年第1期89-93,共5页China Plastics Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51403004);四川省非金属复合与功能材料重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地开放基金(17kffk14)

摘　　要：以聚磷酸铵(APP)为阻燃剂,采用一步法全水发泡制备一系列硬质聚氨酯泡沫/聚磷酸铵复合材料(RPUF/APP),通过扫描电镜(SEM)、热重分析(TG)、极限氧指数(LOI)、UL94垂直燃烧以及烟密度测试来研究聚磷酸铵对硬质聚氨酯泡沫(RPUF)泡孔结构、热稳定性、阻燃性能以及燃烧烟密度的影响。研究表明,聚磷酸铵可以明显提高RPUF/APP复合材料的阻燃性能,30份的聚磷酸铵使得RPUF/APP达到UL94 V-0级别,LOI达到23. 6%。同时发现,APP的加入会降低RPUF/APP泡沫复合材料的热分解温度,提高其成炭率和炭层的高温稳定性,并降低复合材料的燃烧烟密度,有效提高复合材料火灾安全性能。Ammonium polyphosphate(APP)was used as flame retardant to prepare a series of rigid polyurethane foam(PRUF)/APP by one-step water-blown method.Furthermore,scanning electron microscope(SEM),thermo gravimetric analysis(TG),limiting oxygen index(LOI),underwriters laboratories 94 vertical burning test(UL94)and smoke density test were applied to investigate the effect of APP on cell structure,thermal stability,flame retardancy and smoke density of RPUF/APP composites.The results show that APP could significantly enhance flame retardancy of the composites,and 30 phr of APP could improve the UL94 burning level of RPUF/APP to UL94 V-0 and LOI could achieve 23.6%.It also reveals that the addition of APP could decrease the thermal degradation temperature of the composites,and increase the formation of char residue and thermal stability of the char.It could also decrease smoke density of RPUF/APP composites and enhance fire safety of the composites.

关 键 词：硬质聚氨酯泡沫 聚磷酸铵 复合材料 阻燃 热稳定性 

分 类 号：TQ323.8[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]