基于整合驱动因素和适宜性评价的乡村聚落重构模式研究  

Research on rural settlement reconstruction model based on integration drivers and suitability evaluation

作　　者：马利邦[1] 豆浩健 谢作轮[2] 郭晓东[3] Ma Libang;Dou Haojian;Xie Zuolun;Guo Xiaodong(College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Costal Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China;School of Management,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070 [2]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200062 [3]兰州大学管理学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2019年第3期246-255,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41661105)资助

摘　　要：为了破解乡村发展过程中的土地供需矛盾,保护农户合法权益,减少农村居民点整合过程中的争议,推进乡村振兴战略的实施,该研究以陇中黄土丘陵区通渭县四合村为案例区,综合"参与式农村评估(participatory rural appraisal,PRA)+结构方程模型(structural equation modeling, SEM)+适应性评价(suitability evaluation, SE)"方法,剖析农户对乡村聚落的整合意愿及驱动机制,并在适宜性评价的基础上探究乡村聚落重构模式,为陇中黄土丘陵区乡村聚落的空间格局优化与整合提供一种方法与案例研究。结果表明:1)190户受访农户中79.5%的农户不愿意整合,整合意愿受到家庭、居住和社会等因素的综合影响,其中房屋建造时间、交通通达度及家庭非农收入是影响农户整合意愿主要驱动因素;2)四合村域由外向内依次可分为不适宜居住区、较适宜居住区和适宜居住区3级,其中位于适宜居住区的农户共计168户,占四合村农户数量的51.38%,超过半数的农户位于不适宜居住区和较适宜居住区,具有一定程度的整治潜力和较大的乡村聚落居住质量提升空间;3)构建基于整合驱动因素和适宜性评价的乡村聚落重构模式:生态转化模式、异地搬迁模式、旧村整治模式和改造提升模式,并对现有聚落进行空间重构。重构后,四合村宅基地数量将由354个减少至275个,面积由102 105.63 m2减少至79 708.79 m2,节约土地22 396.84 m2。研究结果对于引导宜居乡村建设具有指导意义,亦可为陇中黄土丘陵区乡村聚落重构提供科学依据。In order to solve the contradiction between land supply and demand in the process of rural development,protect farmers'legitimate rights and interests,reduce disputes in the process of rural settlement integration and promote the implementation of Rural Revitalization strategy.In this study,we took the Sihe village of Tongwei County in the Loess Hilly Region of Middle Gansu Province as the case study area,and based on participatory rural appraisal(PRA),we conducted household survey in Sihe village in July 2017 and December 2017,respectively.Two surveys lasted for 16 days in total.During survey,information about farmers'family situation,income and expenses,residence,production,behavior willingness,etc.were obtained.Specifically,household questionnaire survey was first conducted in the nine communities of Sihe village.A total of 190 effective questionnaires were obtained,meaning that 76.92%of households gave effective responses(80 households had already moved out of Sihe village and 57 households refused the interview).On this foundation,with the help of SEM(Structural Equation Modeling)and SE(Suitability Evaluation)method,we analyzed the farmers'integration intention and driving mechanism for rural settlement,and explored the reconstruction model of rural settlement on the basis of suitability evaluation.The results showed that:1)Among the 190 sample households,only 39 households were willing to integrate,accounting for 20.5%,and 151 households were unwilling to integrate,accounting for 79.5%.2)Farmer household integration was affected by many factors.Farmer household income,household non-farm income,housing construction time,and traffic accessibility were the important driving mechanism for the formation of rural settlement integration intention.Other factors had influence but not significant.3)For the Sihe village with 168 households in the suitable residential area,accounting for 51.38%of the Sihe village farmers,more than half of the farmers were in the unsuitable residential areas,and there is a need for more

关 键 词：土地利用 农村地区 模型 整合驱动因素 适宜性 乡村聚落 重构模式 陇中黄土丘陵区 

分 类 号：K901.[历史地理—人文地理学]