一种基于数据聚合的传感器网络可调模型  

A Regulatable Model Based on Data Aggregation in WSN

作　　者：马东超 孙兴国 马礼 MA Dong-Chao;SUN Xing-Guo;MA Li(School of Computer Science, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144)

机构地区：[1]北方工业大学计算机学院,北京100144

出　　处：《计算机学报》2019年第2期437-452,共16页Chinese Journal of Computers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61300171);北京市自然科学基金(4172019);北京市自然科学基金委员会和教育委员会联合会(KZ201810009011);北方工业大学科技创新项目(18XN053)资助~~

摘　　要：该文主要面向上行汇聚流量为主的传感器网络应用场景,针对现有优化方案在灵活性和计算开销等方面的问题进行了分析,包括优化目标单一、节能方法对于多重寿命标准难以适应、计算复杂度与求解近似比难以取舍、环境突变或管理需求的调整无法快速响应等等,对当前流行的传感器硬件进行了数据收发的功耗测试后,根据其射频耗能特性,以提高网络可靠性的最小化"最大链路利用率"和单纯功耗优化的最小化"网络连通支配集"为优化目标,引入加权绿色因子,建立了功耗和性能可以调节的模型RES-WSN(Reliability and Energy Steerable WSN).该模型的求解复杂度较低,当网络有数百个节点时,问题依然可以较快求解,为传感器网络提供了一种在能量消耗和可靠性及多重寿命准则间柔性调节的方案.根据该文方案求得的路由关系和数据流传输的分配结果,以"Multiple Instances"的思路和拓展选项的方式在RPL路由协议的基础上给出了部署方案.通过实验验证,该文模型对网络的可靠性的调控比例最高为52.08%,对能量消耗的调控比例最高为60.51%,特别是在仅考虑节能优化且允许部分节点死亡的情况下,网络存活时间相比只考虑可靠性的情况延长了42.54%,与近期相关研究"MinST"模型相比延长了9.23%～15.38%.Because sensor nodes are usually powered by battery and limited in electricity,how to extend the life of nodes and the entire network is an important issue for network deployers and academics.The energy saving research of WSN is involved in all layers of the network,such as dynamic voltage scaling in hardware layer,efficient coding in link layer,reliable opportunity routing in network layer,wavelet data compression in application layer,and some also require cross layer collaboration.Focusing on the scenario of uplink traffic aggregation in the WSN,the problems of flexibility and computing overhead in existed optimization schemes are analyzed.They are,but not limited to,the singularity of purpose,the diversity of network lifetime standards and the adaptability of energy saving approaches,the tradeoff between computational complexity and accuracy,and the delayed response to the changes of environment or requirement.In this paper,the power consumption is measured of data transmit-receive on popular sensor hardware.Then,a green factor is defined in order to propose a reliability&energy adjustable model called RES-WSN according to the RF energy characteristics.The RES-WSN model considers two mainly optimization objects,minimizing the MLU(maximum link utilization)and minimizing the connected dominating set.The former controls reliability and the latter contributes to energy saving.The model can quickly solve the problem with medium scale network over hundreds of nodes by relative low computation complexity.To the computation results of connection topology and traffic assignment,a new deployment scheme is established in the fashion of multi-instance ideas and the expansion of DIO options based on the RPL protocol but leads to small degrees of extension.The expansion requirements for the RPL protocol are mainly based on two aspects.First,the implementation of traffic allocation,and then the acquisition and maintenance of a small number of father nodes that may occur.In view of the above requirements,this paper adopts“m

关 键 词：无线传感器网络 节能路由协议 网络节能优化 流量工程 网络生命周期 

分 类 号：TP393[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]