低蛋白质水平饲粮对生长育肥猪生长性能及肠道菌群的影响  

Effects of Low Protein Diets on Growth Performance and Intestinal Microbiota of Growing-Finishing Pigs

作　　者：王晶[1] 王四新[1] 刘辉[1] 张伟[1] 张董燕[1] 王雅民[1] 季海峰[1] WANG Jing;WANG Sixin;LIU Hui;ZHANG Wei;ZHANG Dongyan;WANG Yamin;JI Haifeng(Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院畜牧兽医研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2018年第12期4864-4873,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：生猪产业技术体系北京市创新团队(BAIC02-2017);北京市农林科学院创新能力建设专项(KJCX20180109)

摘　　要：本研究旨在探讨低蛋白质水平饲粮对生长育肥猪生长性能及肠道菌群的影响。试验选取初始体重为(45.50±3.64) kg的"长×大"二元杂交生长育肥猪140头,随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复14头猪。对照组饲喂蛋白质水平为15.05%的正常蛋白质水平饲粮,试验组喂蛋白质水平为12.97%的低蛋白质水平饲粮。预试期为5 d,正试期为30 d。结果表明:1)低蛋白质水平饲粮对生长育肥猪生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)低蛋白质水平饲粮可提高生长育肥猪肠道菌群丰富度和多样性。2组试验猪粪便菌群组成在门水平上差异较小,而在属水平上差异较大。物种差异显著性分析显示除了门水平和纲水平,其他分类水平上2组间均有相对丰度差异显著的细菌(P<0.05)。低蛋白质水平饲粮能够显著提高毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)、疣微菌科(Ruminococcaceae)、丁酸弧菌属(Butyrivibrio)和假丁酸弧菌属(Pseudobutyrivibrio)等可以利用碳水化合物和纤维分解产生丁酸的有益菌的相对丰度(P <0. 05),显著降低Paraeggerthella和代尔夫特菌属(Delftia)等易使机体受到感染的细菌的相对丰度(P<0.05)。此外,群落组成差异分析显示低蛋白质水平饲粮组猪相比于正常蛋白质水平饲粮组猪有着不同的肠道微生物区系。由此可见,饲粮蛋白质水平降低约2%对生长育肥猪生长性能无不利影响,还可改善肠道菌群平衡,有利于机体健康。The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low protein diet on growth performance and intestinal microbiota of growing-finishing pigs.A total of 140 growing-finishing pigs(Landrace×Large White)with initial body weight of(45.50±3.64)kg were randomly distributed into 2 groups with 5 replicates per group and 14 pigs in each replicate.The growing-fishing pigs in control group were fed a normal protein diet(protein level was 15.05%),while others in experimental group were a fed low protein diet(protein level was 12.97%).The pre-experimental period lasted for 5 days,and the experimental period lasted for 30 days.The results showed as follows:1)the low protein diet had no significant effects on growth performance of growing-finishing pigs(P >0.05).2)The low protein diet increased the intestinal microbiota richness and diversity of growing-finishing pigs.The microbiota composition of experimental pigs in 2 groups had less difference on the phylum level,while had great difference at genus level.Species difference analysis based on LEfSe showed that there were significant different on bacteria abundance at several taxonomic levels except phylum and class level(P<0.05).Low protein diet could significant increased the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae,Ruminococcaceae,Butyrivibrio,Pseudobutyrivibrio which can produce butyrate by using carbohydrates and fibers(P<0.05),while significant decrease the relative abundance of Paraeggerthella and Delftia which likely cause infection(P<0.05).In addition,microbial community analysis showed that pigs in low protein diet group had different microbial community compared with pigs in normal protein diet.In conclusion,dietary protein level reduced about 2%have no negative impact on growth performance,and have beneficial effects on intestinal microbiota balance and body health.

关 键 词：低蛋白质水平饲粮 生长育肥猪 生长性能 肠道菌群 

分 类 号：S828[农业科学—畜牧学]