应用缺次灌溉和半产需水量模型鉴定玉米杂交种的抗旱性  

Identification of Drought Resistance of Maize Hybrid by Using the Model of Deficient Irrigation and Semi-Yield Water Demand

作　　者：唐怀君[1] 谢小清[1] 张磊 孙宝成[1] 周芳芝[2] 刘成[1] TANG Huai-jun;XIE Xiao-qing;ZHANG Lei;SUN Bao-cheng;ZHOU Fang-zhi;LIU Cheng(Research Institute of Food Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Moyu Experimental Station of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Moyu Xinjiang 848100,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业科学院墨玉试验站,新疆墨玉848100

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2018年第11期1994-2001,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题"玉米种质资源精准鉴定与创新利用"(2016YFD0100103);新疆农业科学院青年基金项目"玉米杂交种抗旱性与欠量灌水量的理论关系研究"(xjnkq-2018005)~~

摘　　要：【目的】研究半产需水量模型鉴定玉米杂交种抗旱性的方法,为精细评价玉米杂交种的抗旱性提供方法指导。【方法】选用6个玉米品种,分别为郑单958、先玉335、新玉33号、新玉54号、新玉67号和新玉69号。在播种后、拔节期、抽雄期、散粉期、灌浆初期、灌浆中期、灌浆末期进行7次缺次灌水,累计灌水量分别为1 050.7、1 725.7、2 400.6、3 451.3、4 351.3、5 251.2、6 000.4 m^3/hm^2。对6个当前新疆主栽的玉米品种进行抗旱性鉴定。【结果】玉米产量与累计灌水量的关系符合幂饱和曲线模型,模型的产量计算值和产量实测值的相关系数为0.968～0.994,平均相关系数为0.984,均达到了极显著水平,模型拟合效果良好。通过拟合解析,6个玉米品种的半产需水量参数(W_h)在928.4～1 550.6 m^3/hm^2,充分灌水的产量参数(Y_m)在9 760.9～15 460.2 kg/hm^2。品种抗旱性排序结果依次为先玉335、新玉67号、新玉33号、新玉69号、郑单958、新玉54号。【结论】幂指数饱和模型能较好地拟合玉米杂交种的产量和水分关系,模型中的半产需水量是一个重要抗旱性指标,结合缺次灌溉方法,可用于玉米杂交种精细鉴定评价。【Objective】The experiment of deficient water irrigation stress is an effective way to study drought resistance of maize.This paper aims to introduce the method of identifying drought resistance of maize hybrids by semi-yield water demand model in the hope of providing guidance for the detailed identification and evaluation of the drought resistance of maize hybrid species.【Method】After seeding stage,tasseling stage,pollen dispersal stage,early filling stage,middle filling stage and late filling stage,7 times of deficient irrigation were carried out.The accumulative irrigation amount was 1,050.7,1,725.7,2,400.6,3,451.3,4,351.3,5,251.2,and 6,000.4 m 3/ha in the whole growth period,and in the end,drought resistance of the six main maize varieties planted in Xinjiang was identified.【Result】The results showed that the relationship between corn yield and cumulative irrigation amount was in accordance with the power saturation curve model.The correlation coefficient between the calculated output value and the measured output value of the semi-production and demand water model was 0.968 to 0.994,and the average correlation coefficient was 0.984,both of which have reached the extremely significant level,and the model fitting effect was good.Through fitting analysis,the semi-yield water demand parameters(W h)of 6 maize varieties were between 928.4-1,550.6 m 3/hm 2,and the yield parameters(Y m)of full irrigation were between 9,760.9-15,460.2 m 3/hm 2.According to the comprehensive consideration of Ym and Wh,the drought-resistance ranking results of the varieties were:Xianyu 335,Xinyu 67,Xinyu 33,Xinyu 69,Zhengdan 958 and Xinyu 54.【Conclusion】The nonlinear power exponent saturation model can fit the relationship between yield and water of maize hybrids.The semi-yield water demand in the model is an important index of drought resistance,which can be applied to the fine identification and evaluation of maize hybrids combined with the method of deficient irrigation.

关 键 词：玉米 杂交种 缺次灌水胁迫 半产需水量 抗旱性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]