紫色土区土壤质量敏感因子空间分异特征及其对土地利用方式变化的响应研究  

Spatial Variation of Soil Quality Sensitive Factor and Its Response to the Land Uses in the Purple Soil Area of China

作　　者：杨小林[1] 花可可[2] 李义玲[1] 李太魁[3] YANG Xiaolin;HUA Keke;LI Yiling;LI Taikui(Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China;Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;Institute of Plant Nutrition, Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学,河南焦作454000 [2]安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,安徽合肥230031 [3]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2019年第1期29-38,共10页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家科技重大水专项(2012ZX07205-001);教育部人文社科基金项目(16YJCZH051;17YJCZH217);河南理工大学创新型科研团队(T2018-4);河南理工大学青年骨干教师资助项目(2016XQG-26)

摘　　要：掌握土壤质量因子空间分异特征及其对土地利用方式变化的响应关系对于优化土地利用方式以及改善和提高土壤质量具有重要意义。通过对川中紫色土区典型小流域276样点土壤样品进行调查和分析,结合主成分分析(PCA)和典范对应分析(CCA)等方法,研究了川中紫色土区土壤质量主要敏感因子空间分异特征及其对土地利用方式变化的响应关系。结果显示,(1)紫色土区不同土地利用方式土壤总氮(STN)质量分数均值介于0.90-1.30g·kg^(-1);土壤总磷(STP)质量分数均值介于0.48-0.78 g·kg^(-1);土壤有机质(SOM)质量分数均值介于9.90-19.73 g·kg^(-1)。(2)主成分分析和典范对应分析表明,土壤质量敏感因子主成分与土地利用方式密切相关,且主成分与土地利用方式相关性排序表现为:第一主成分(铵态氮与物理性质),水田>水旱轮作田>旱地>林地>果园;第二主成分(STN和SOM),水田>水旱轮作田>林地>果园>旱地;第三主成分(STP和硝态氮),水旱轮作田>旱地>水田>林地>果园。(3)土壤质量主要敏感因子的变化能较好地响应土地利用方式变化,且土壤质量敏感因子与土地利用方式的CCA排序结果说明,不同的土地利用方式与土壤质量敏感因子间存在着不同的相关关系。土地利用方式的变化是紫色土区土壤质量敏感因子改变的重要驱动力,这将为区域土地资源合理利用、土地利用结构优化以及提高紫色土区土壤生产力和生态功能,特别是减轻区域水土流失状况提供依据。During the process of basin environmental management,the response relationships between soil quality factors and land use types have become hot issues.In this study,we used the principal component analysis and canonical correspondence analysis to explore the response relationship between soil quality factors and land uses,based on the soil sampling and analyzing in the purple soil area in China.The results showed that(1)the mean contents for soil total nitrogen(STN),soil total phosphorus(STP)and soil organic matter(SOM)under different land uses were 0.90-1.30g·kg^-1,0.48-0.78g·kg^-1,and 9.90-19.73g·kg^-1,respectively.(2)The principal component analysis and canonical correspondence analysis showed that the three main principal components indicated the close correlations with land use types.The relevance rankings for main component and land use types were as follows:the first principal component(ammonium nitrogen,water content and soil bulk density)was closely correlated with paddy field,followed by paddy upland rotation field,upland,forest land,and orchard field;the second principal component(STN and SOM)was highly correlated with paddy field,followed by forest land,orchard field,paddy upland rotation field and upland;the third principal component(STP and nitrate nitrogen)had the best correlation with paddy upland rotation field,and the followed by upland,paddy field,forest land and orchard field.And(3)the variation of soil quality factors responded accordingly to the land use types.The results of canonical correspondence analysis interpreted that the different correlations existed between the soil quality factor and land use types.The variation of land use types might be one of the main driving forces for the change of soil quality.This study can provide important scientific basis for the use of land resources and the optimization of land use structure,especially for the mitigation of soil erosion in the purple soil area.

关 键 词：紫色土 土壤质量敏感因子 土地利用方式 响应关系 

分 类 号：S159[农业科学—土壤学] X144[农业科学—农业基础科学]