不同姿势站立时人体的平衡能力及足型特征  

Balance ability and foot type characteristics during different postures of standing

作　　者：朱瑶佳 霍洪峰[1,2] Zhu Yaojia;Huo Hongfeng(Physical Education Institute of Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,Hebei Province,China;Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Sports Bioinformation Evaluation,Shijiazhuang 050024,Hebei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学体育学院,河北省石家庄市050024 [2]河北省人体运动生物信息测评重点实验室,河北省石家庄市050024

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2019年第15期2345-2349,共5页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：河北省科技支撑项目(16275709);项目负责人:霍洪峰;河北省教育厅自然科学青年基金项目(QN2017343);项目负责人:霍洪峰~~

摘　　要：背景:站立时身体重心的改变反映了下肢乃至全身的结构、功能和肌肉等方面的信息。站立姿势控制与足型、平衡能力、肌肉激活程度之间关系的研究不足。目的:探讨自然站立、前倾站立、后倾站立对足弓、身体平衡和肌肉激活程度的影响。方法:选取受试者15名,均无足部病变和影响足部功能相关的疾病。使用三维足型扫描仪对3种站立姿势下的足弓进行测试与分析、使用BTS FREEMG 300无线表面肌电测试仪、平衡测力台对3种站立姿势下肌肉均方根最大值、2个平衡能力指标(包络面积、重心平均速度)进行测试与分析。结果与结论:①足弓高度指数:自然站立与前倾站立对比时差异有显著性意义(P <0.05),自然站立与后倾站立对比时差异有显著性意义(P <0.05),前倾站立与后倾站立对比时差异无显著性意义(P> 0.05);②肌肉激活程度由大到小:自然站立时依次为腓长肌内侧、竖脊肌、腹直肌、臀中肌、股二头肌长头、股外斜肌、胫骨前肌、股直肌、臀大肌;前倾站立时依次为腓长肌内侧、臀中肌、竖脊肌、股二头肌长头、胫骨前肌、腹直肌、臀大肌、股外斜肌、股直肌;后倾站立时依次为股外斜肌、胫骨前肌、股直肌、股二头肌长头、竖脊肌、腹直肌、腓长肌内侧、臀中肌、臀大肌;③平衡:自然站立与前倾站立对比差异无显著性意义(P> 0.05),自然站立与后倾站立对比差异有显著性意义(P <0.05),而前倾站立与后倾站立对比差异无显著性意义(P> 0.05);④结果说明,人体自然站立时可以在低肌肉激活强度下轻松维持身体稳定,身体后倾时,由于不稳定造成肌肉激活强度最高,身体重心向前、后移动时主要激活对侧肌肉;足弓在身体前倾和后倾时较自然站立时升高;站立姿势下重心轻微的前后移动都会导致肌肉激活程度和平衡控制的变化。BACKGROUND:Changes in the center of body weight during standing reflects the structure,function and muscles of the lower limbs and even the whole body.The relationship between standing posture control and foot type,balance ability,and muscle activation is rarely reported.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of natural,lean forward and lean backward standing on foot arch,body balance and muscle activation.METHODS:Fifteen subjects without foot lesions and diseases related to foot function were selected.Three-dimensional foot scanner was used to test and analyze the foot arch in three standing postures.BTS FREEMG 300 surface electromyography tester and balance tester were used to test and analyze the maximum root mean square of muscle and two balance ability indexes(envelope area and average velocity of center of gravity)in three standing postures.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)For height index of foot arch:there was significant difference between natural standing and forward standing(P<0.05).There was significant difference between natural standing and backward standing(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between forward standing and backward standing(P >0.05).(2)The degree of muscle activation was as follows:when standing naturally,the medial peroneal muscles >erector muscles >rectus abdominis >gluteus medius >biceps femoris >external oblique femoris >anterior tibial muscle >rectus femoris muscle >gluteus maximus muscle.During forward standing:the medial of the peroneal muscle >medius gluteus >vertical ridge >long head of biceps femoris >anterior tibial muscle >rectus abdominis muscle >gluteus maximus.During backward standing:the obliquus externus femur >rectus femoris >long head of biceps femoris >erector spinae >musculus rectus abdominis >the medial of the peroneal muscle >gluteus medius >gluteus maximus.(3)Balance:there was no significant difference between natural standing and forward standing(P >0.05);there was significant difference between natural standing and backward standing(P<0.05),but there was

关 键 词：站立姿势 足型 静态平衡 表面肌电 肌肉激活 平衡控制主题词:姿势平衡 足 肌电描记术 运动医学 组织工程 

分 类 号：R496[医药卫生—康复医学]