施用控释氮肥对早稻田面水氮素动态变化和水稻产量的影响  

Effects of Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nitrogen Dynamic Characteristics in Surface Water and Yield in Early Paddy Field

作　　者：肖雪玉 朱文博 杨丹[1] 闫颖[1] 何娜[1] 刘鸣达[1] 谢桂先[2] XIAO Xueyu;ZHU Wenbo;YANG Dan;Yan Ying;HE Na;LIU Mingda;XIE Guixian(College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;College of Resources and Environment,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2018年第12期2252-2257,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201200)

摘　　要：湖南是中国重要的水稻(OryzasativaL.)产区,随着农业现代化的发展,施用更多化肥成为水稻增产的主要途径,这不仅造成资源浪费,更加重了农业面源污染风险。通过水稻田间小区试验,设置了不施氮肥(WN)、常规施用尿素(CF)、控释氮肥(N100)、90%氮量控释氮肥(N90)、80%氮量控释氮肥(N80)、70%氮量控释氮肥(N70)6个处理,对田面水中各形态氮素含量进行动态监测,研究施用控释氮肥对早稻田面水各形态氮素动态变化特征和水稻产量的影响,以期探寻兼顾经济效益与环境效益的控释氮肥最佳用量,实现稻作清洁生产。结果表明:早稻田面水各形态氮素浓度均随施氮量增加而增加,且以施用尿素处理浓度较高或最高,不施氮肥处理最低,控释氮肥各处理居中;各形态氮素浓度均在施用基肥或追肥后1～4 d内达到峰值,随后不断降低;综合考虑施用基肥和追肥后各形态氮素浓度变化规律可知,施肥后10 d内是防止田面水氮素流失的关键时期;控释氮肥各处理水稻产量与尿素处理无显著性差异,施用控释氮肥能达到减氮、稳产效果。本试验中,理论施用控释氮肥101.46 kg·hm^(-2)时是兼顾经济效益与环境效益的施肥方案。Hunan is an important rice production area in China.With the development of agricultural modernization,more fertilizer application becomes the main way to increase paddy yield,which not only causes waste of resources,but also exacerbates agricultural non-point source pollution.In order to explore the best application amount of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer from the point of both economic efficiency and environmental efficiency and provide basis for cleaner production,the effect of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen dynamic characteristics in surface water and the yield of rice in early paddy field were studied.There were six treatments conducted in this study which were no nitrogen fertilizer(WN),routine use of urea(CF),100%(N100),90%(N90),80%(N80)and 70%(N70)nitrogen of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer,respectively.Location experiments were carried out in paddy field,and the nitrogen content of each form in surface water was dynamically monitored.The results showed that,the nitrogen concentration in all forms increased with the increase of nitrogen application.The highest or higher concentration of nitrogen was found in the CF treatment,and the lowest appeared in the WN treatment.Controlled release nitrogen fertilizer could reduce the risk of nitrogen loss.All forms of nitrogen reached the highest peak in 1-4 d after fertilization,and then decreased.Considering the change of nitrogen concentration during the period of base fertilizer and top dressing,10 days after fertilization was the key period to prevent the loss of nitrogen in surface water of paddy field.There was no significant difference for the paddy yield between controlled release nitrogen fertilizer treatment and urea treatment.Application of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer could reduce the amount of nitrogen application and keep stable yield at the same time.Based on the analysis of paddy yield,nitrogen content in surface water and nitrogen application,the theoretical application of controlled-release nitrogen fe

关 键 词：控释氮肥 田面水 氮素形态 动态变化 早稻 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学] X144[农业科学—农业基础科学]