一种基于风险管控的稻田土壤重金属污染分级方法  

A Classification Approach of Heavy Metal Pollution of Paddy Soil Based on Risk Management

作　　者：王琦 李芳柏 黄小追 马义兵[2] 林玉锁 刘晓文 WANG Qi;LI Fangbai;HUANG Xiaozhui;MA Yibing;LIN Yusuo;LIU Xiaowen(Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology (GDEST)/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management,Guangzhou 510650,China;The Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning (IARRP) of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS),Beijing 100081,China;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Environmental Protection (NIES),Nanjing 210042,China;South China Institute of Environmental Science.MEP,Guangzhou 510655,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省生态环境技术研究所/广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室,广东广州510650 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [3]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042 [4]生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,广东广州510655

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2018年第12期2321-2328,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0800700);广东省科技计划项目(2015B020207001;2016B020242004)

摘　　要：系统认识中国农田土壤污染风险地理特征,探索基于风险管控的农田土壤重金属污染分级方法,实现土壤污染分类分级化治理和修复重要且迫切。然而,目前尚未建立科学、完善、有针对性的土壤重金属污染风险分类分级方法,这制约了大面积农田重金属污染治理的有效实施。该研究采用土壤单因子指数、农产品单因子指数和富集系数相结合的方法,针对珠三角典型稻田土壤Cd污染,基于自然地理要素和污染源等因素划分评价的地理单元,进一步结合点位土壤、农产品和富集系数风险划分等级,进行区域稻田土壤重金属污染风险分级,通过构建土壤、农产品和富集系数相结合的土壤重金属污染分级方法,将珠三角稻田重金属Cd污染风险等级划分为无风险、低风险、中度风险、高风险4个等级;同时,综合分析县级行政边界、地形、河流水系、点位风险评价结果将珠三角内稻田土壤划分为125个风险评价单元,其中,优先保护类、安全利用类和严格管控类的评价单元分别有85个、38个和2个。按风险等级划分,区域内无、低、中、高风险单元分别有85个、30个、8个和2个,未出现极高风险单元。该研究建立的稻田土壤重金属污染分级方法符合当前中国土壤污染防治工作的目标和任务,是对现有土壤环境质量分级方法的科学探索和有效补充。It is paramount and urgent to systematically understand the geographical characteristics of farmland soil pollution risk in China,to explore the classification approach of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil based on risk management and control,and to realize classified treatment and remediation of soil pollution.However,scientific,sound and targeted risk classification methods of soil heavy metal pollution have not been established,which restricts the effective implementation of heavy metal pollution control in large-area farmland soil.In this study,soil single-factor index,agricultural single-factor index and enrichment coefficient were used to classify the risk of heavy metal contamination in paddy soil.For the pollution of Cd in typical paddy fields in the Pearl River Delta,the geographic units of assessment were divided based on the factors of physical geography and pollution sources,and the risk grade of Cd pollution was divided into four levels:non-risk,low-risk,moderate-risk and high-risk by constructing a classification method combining soil,agricultural products and enrichment factors.Meanwhile,we classified the paddy soils in the Pearl River Delta into 125 risk units by a comprehensive analysis of county-level administrative boundaries,topography,rivers and the results of point-level risk assessment.The classification approach of heavy metal pollution in paddy soils established in this study is in line with the objectives and tasks of soil pollution prevention and control in China.Our study is a scientific exploration and effective supplement to the existing classification methods of soil environmental quality.Our approach can provide an effective and powerful reference for the classification of soil pollution grade in China so as to guarantee the sustainable utilization of soil resources and ecological security.

关 键 词：风险管控 稻田土壤 重金属 风险分级 地理单元 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]