改革开放以来铁路业定价机制的嬗变与展望  

The Evolution and Prospect of the Pricing Mechanism of Railway Industry Since the Reform and Opening

作　　者：陈兵[1,2,3] Chen Bing

机构地区：[1]南开大学 [2]南开大学法学院 [3]南开大学竞争法律与政策研究中心

出　　处：《兰州学刊》2019年第1期5-21,共17页

基　　金：司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目中青年课题"我国铁路运输业市场定价机制法律问题研究"(项目编号:15SFB3032)的阶段性成果;南开大学百名青年学科带头人计划"中国反垄断法实施问题研究"的资助

摘　　要：伴随国家市场经济体制改革的全面深化,铁路业定价机制因应外部要求和内部压力亟须随之改变。梳理我国铁路业定价机制的演化历程发现,铁路业市场化改革的总体趋势是铁路业经营者将获得更大自主定价权,公平自由的市场竞争环境是其发展的根本。然而,由于铁路业定价机制及运行长期受国家严格管控,在其改革过程中仍然存在市场机制乏力、监管僵化,以及相关法律规范不健全等弊端。结合影响铁路业定价机制运行的成本因素、竞争因素、非竞争因素、消费者因素以及监管因素分析,认为在引入市场定价机制的过程中,首先应树立公平自由的竞争理念,尽快构建并落实定价机制运行的法治进路;其次,引入公平竞争审查制度,防范政策风险,消解行政权力之于经济生活的不当影响;再次,需完善监管体系,做好在行业监管部门与综合监管部门间就"事前放松管制"与"加强事中事后监管"的协同改革,真正做到"科学监管,无缝衔接";最后,完善相应法律法规体系,协同现有价格管制和价格改革法律文件,着力保障铁路定价机制的合规运行。从多维度采取联动协同的措施,有效防治铁路业在定价机制市场化改革过程中可能产生的制度缺陷及运行风险。Along with the comprehensive deepening of the reform of the national market economic system,the pricing mechanism of the railway industry needs to be changed in response to external demands and internal pressures.Combining the evolution of the pricing mechanism of China's railway industry,it is found that the general trend of the market-oriented reform of the railway industry is that railway operators will obtain greater independent pricing power,and a fair and free market competition environment is the foundation of its development.However,due to the long-term control of the railway industry's pricing mechanism and its operation,there are still some shortcomings such as weak market mechanism,rigid regulation and unsound legal norms in its reform process.Combined with the analysis of various factors influencing the operation of pricing mechanism of railway industry,including cost factor,competitive factor,non-competitive factor,consumer factor and regulatory factor.Firstly,it is believed that in the process of introducing the market pricing mechanism,the concept of fair and free competition should be established,and we are supposed to establish and implement the rule of law in the operation of pricing mechanism as soon as possible.Secondly,introduce a fair competition review system to prevent policy risks and eliminate the undue influence of administrative power on economic life.Thirdly,it is necessary to improve the supervision system and make a concerted reform between the industry supervision department and the comprehensive market supervision department on"ex ante deregulation"and"strengthening regulation in process and ex post",truly achieving"scientific supervision,seamless connection".Finally,improve the corresponding legal and regulatory system,coordinate with the existing price control and price reform legal documents,and strive to ensure the compliance operation of the railway pricing mechanism.Take measures of linkage and synergy from multiple dimensions to effectively prevent the institutional problem

关 键 词：改革开放 铁路业 定价机制 定价因素 公平竞争审查 

分 类 号：F532.5[经济管理—产业经济]