托盘育苗及播种量对机插水稻秧苗素质的影响  

Effects of tray seedling and sowing rate on quality of mechanical transplanting rice seedlings

作　　者：邵文奇[1] 纪力[1] 钟平[1] 董玉兵 孙春梅[1] 庄春[1] 陈川[1] 章安康[1] SHAOWen-qi;JI Li;ZHONG Ping;DONG Yu-bing;SUN Chun-mei;ZHUANG Chun;CHEN Chuan;ZHANG An-kang(Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu,Huai’an,Jiangsu 223001,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所,江苏淮安223001

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2019年第1期25-31,共7页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新项目(CX[18]1002);江苏省农业科学院探索性颠覆性创新计划项目(ZX[17]2009);淮安市农业科学院院长基金项目(201705)

摘　　要：【目的】探明托盘育苗对机插水稻秧苗素质的影响,并确定其适宜播种量,为托盘育苗的推广应用提供技术参考和理论依据。【方法】以粳稻品种南粳9108为供试材料,比较90 g/盘(0.055 g/cm2)播种量时托盘育苗与常规育苗两种方法所育秧苗的素质差异;另设90 g/盘(0.055 g/cm2)、120 g/盘(0.074 g/cm2)和150 g/盘(0.092 g/cm2)3个播种量水平,考察不同播种量对托盘育苗所育秧苗素质的影响。【结果】在90 g/盘的播种量下,托盘苗在出苗率、叶龄、茎基宽、秧苗地上部和根系干质量、株型紧凑情况等性状与常规方法秧苗无显著差异(P>0.05),但20 d秧龄后托盘苗的株高增加显著(P<0.05,下同),根冠比下降,株高叶龄比K值增加,秧苗素质降低。托盘苗的成苗率、苗基宽、SPAD值、地上部和根系干质量、根冠比及K值等性状均随播种量的降低显著增强,小播种量处理秧苗的株高降低,株型更紧凑,根系粗白健壮,素质明显提高。【结论】托盘育苗较常规育苗所育秧苗素质有所下降,但秧苗形态基本一致,株型紧凑,茎秆粗壮,根系发达成毯性好,可培育壮秧满足机插要求。在常规粳稻托盘育苗时以采用90 g/盘播种量(0.055 g/cm2)较适宜。【Objective】The effects of tray seedling method on quality of mechanical transplanting rice seedlings were explored and the suitable sowing rate was determined,in order to provide technical reference and theoretical basis for the production and application of this method.【Method】Japonica rice variety,Nanjing 9018,was used as tested material in the study to investigate the difference of rice seedling quality treated by tray seedling method and conventional seedling method at the sowing rate of 90 g/tray(0.055 g/cm^2). Moreover,the sowing rate levels of 90 g/tray(0.055 g/cm^2), 120 g/tray(0.074 g/cm^2),150 g/tray(0.092 g/cm^2)were designed to investigate the effects of different sowing rates on seedling quality treated by tray seedling method.【Result】There were no significant differences(P >0.05)on characters including seedling emergence rate,leaf age,stem base width,dry matter weights of aerial part and root in seedling,plant type between tray seedlings and seedlings treated by conventional method at the sowing rate of 90 g/tray. However,after 20 d seedling age,the plant height of tray seedlings increased significantly(P<0.05,the same below),the root-shoot ratio dropped,the ratio of plant height to leaf age K value increased,and the seedling quality decreased. With the decrease of sowing rate,some characters of tray seedlings including the seedling rate,seedling base width,SPAD value,dry matter weights of aerial part and root,root-shoot ratio and K value were significantly enhanced. The low sowing rate treatment could reduce the seedling height,make the plant type more compact,and make the root system wide,white and strong, finally improve the seedling quality obvious.【Conclusion】The quality of rice seedlings raised by tray seedling method decreases compared with those treated by conventional method. But the seedling morphology is basically unanimous with compact plant type,strong stem,developed root system and good root twining power. Therefore,tray seedling method can cultivate strong seedlings to

关 键 词：水稻 托盘育苗 机插 播种量 秧苗素质 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学] S233.71