冀西北寒旱区作物的茬口特性与倒茬效果  

The Characteristics of the Stubble and the Effect of Rotation Cropping in the Cold and Arid Regions of Northwest Hebei Province

作　　者：杜玉琼 刘玉华[2] 张立峰[2] 张继宗[2] 姚兆磊 DU Yu-qiong;LIU Yu-hua;ZHANG Lli-feng;ZHANG Ji-zong;YAO Zhao-lei(College of Agronomy,Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding 071000,China;Zhangbei AgriculturalResource and Ecological Environment Key Field Research Station,Ministry of Agriculture,Zhangjiakou 076450,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学农学院,河北保定071000 [2]农业部张北农业资源与生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站,河北张家口076450

出　　处：《耕作与栽培》2018年第5期13-16,共4页Tillage and Cultivation

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201503120)

摘　　要：为明确冀西北寒旱区主栽作物的茬口特性与适应性,以优选适于区域生态环境的稳产、高效作物倒茬轮作方式,于2015-2017年在农业部张北农业资源与生态环境重点野外观测试验站,采用田间交叉式设计,定位实施了包括5种作物的倒茬试验。不同茬口下的同一作物经济产量相差1. 42～2. 70倍,马铃薯、莜麦、甜菜连作减产。饲用玉米茬口对其他作物均表现有利效应;莜麦、甜菜茬口对饲用玉米表现有害效应。马铃薯与其他各作物倒茬,茬口间表现互利效应,LERr在1. 40～1. 55之间;饲用玉米与马铃薯、蚕豆倒茬,表现互利效应;莜麦、甜菜作为后茬作物与其他作物倒茬表现偏利效应;而作为前茬,莜麦对饲用玉米,甜菜对蚕豆、饲用玉米则表现偏害效应。在冀西北寒旱区,具有茬口互利效应的马铃薯→其他作物、蚕豆→饲用玉米、莜麦→甜菜倒茬,是促进农田水土与生物资源高效利用的倒茬方式。In order to clarify the stubble characteristics and adaptability of main crops in cold and arid areas of Northwest Hebei Province,a stable crop yield and suitable for regional ecological environment rotation system was selected.In the 2015-2017,the cross-planting design was applied in the key field observation station of agricultural resources and ecological environment in Zhangbei,Ministry of agriculture.5 crop rotation experiments were carried out.The economic yield of the same crop was 1.42-2.70 times difference under different stubble,but the yield for continuous cropping of potato,oats and beets decreased.forage Maize stubble had beneficial effects on other crops;oat and beet stubble had harmful effects on forage maize.The rotation systems of Potato and other crops performance mutually beneficial effect,LERr between 1.40-1.55;The rotation systems of forage Maizes and potatoes,faba bean,show mutually beneficial effects;oat and beet as succeeding crops performance bias effect to other crops;but as the previous crop,oat to forage maize,beet to faba bean and forage Maizes show partial damage effects.In the cold and dry areas of Northwest Hebei Province,The rotation systems of potato and other crops in this study,faba bean andforage maize,oat and beet,which are showing mutually benefit effects,are the ways to promote the efficient utilization of farmland water,soil and biological resources.

关 键 词：茬口特性 土地当量比 经济产量 冀西北寒旱区 

分 类 号：S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]