水稻在传统生态农业中的作用  

The Role of Rice in Traditional Ecological Agriculture

作　　者：徐旺生[1] XU Wangsheng(Research Department of China Agricultural Museum,Beijing 100026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业博物馆研究部,北京100026

出　　处：《遗产与保护研究》2019年第1期12-16,共5页Research on Heritages and Preservation

摘　　要：文章主要论述水稻在中国传统农业发展过程中的生态价值。隋唐时期,北方旱作农业出现水土流失的状况,中原战乱,水稻农业承接了经济文化中心转移的重任,并一直是农业的依靠。水稻的价值主要体现在以下几个方面:水稻与猪牛一起,构成了大的复合种养系统;水稻与麦子在南方形成了稻麦二熟,水旱轮作系统;水稻与鱼、鸭、蟹、虾,在水田构成了共生系统;水稻使得南方丘陵与山区形成了梯田和冲田,利用效率大大增加;水稻还阻碍了水土流失现象,远比旱作农业更加符合可持续发展的特点。水稻在构成了一个和谐的生态系统的同时,构成了一个良好的社会生态系统。中国古代农业起义地区多数发生在旱作农业区,很少发生在水田稻作农业区。This paper mainly discusses the ecological value of rice in the development of traditional agriculture in China.During the Sui and Tang Dynasties,soil erosion occurred in dry farming in northern China,and wars took place at the same time.Rice agriculture undertook the important task of economic and cultural center transfer,and has always been the support of agriculture.The value of rice is mainly reflected in the following aspects:Rice,together with pigs and cattle,constitutes a large composite breeding system;Rice and wheat in the South form a rice-wheat cropping system,which is a rotation of paddy and upland crops;Together with fish,ducks,crabs,shrimps,rice constituts symbiotic system in the paddy field;Rice leads to the emergence of terraces and flushing fields in Southern Hills and mountains,therefore improves the utilization efficiency;Rice also reduces soil erosion,which shows far more consistency with the characteristics of sustainable development than dry farming.Rice constitutes a harmonious ecosystem as well as a good social ecosystem,because most of the agricultural uprisings in ancient China took place in dry farming areas,but rarely in paddy rice farming areas.

关 键 词：水稻 稻鱼共生 种养结合 水旱轮作 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学]