微生态制剂对烤烟连作土壤酶活性及其产量的影响  

Effects of Microecological Preparation on Soil Enzyme Activity and Tobacco Yield in Continuous Cropping Tobacco Field

作　　者：李倩 张常兴 程玉渊 刘园 牛莉莉 LI Qian;ZHANG Changxing;CHEN Yuyuan;LIU Yuan;NIU Lili(Nanyang Branch Company,Henan Tobacco Company,Nanyang,Henan 473000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省烟草公司南阳市公司,河南南阳473000

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2019年第1期43-48,共6页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重大专项项目"基于拮抗菌剂的青枯病/黑胫病绿色防控技术研究与应用"(110201601025);河南省烟草公司南阳市公司项目"南阳烟区植烟土壤改良技术研究与应用"(nyyc2017001)

摘　　要：筛选出适于豫西南烟区土壤改良的微生态制剂,为其在生产上的推广应用提供科学依据,采用田间试验方法,研究放线菌、促生芽孢杆菌和木霉菌为主要成分的3种微生态制剂对烤烟连作土壤酶活性及其产量的影响。结果表明:与不施微生态制剂(CK)相比,增施微生态制剂烤烟连作土壤脱氢酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性显著升高,土壤微生物量碳和微生物量氮显著提高,土壤呼吸强度显著增强,但土壤微生物代谢熵减小;细菌、放线菌、自生固氮菌、无机磷细菌和钾细菌数量显著增加,真菌数量减少;以促生芽孢杆菌为主要成分的微生态制剂对烤烟的产质量及防病效果最好,烟株黑胫病的发病率和病情指数分别降低54.59%和65.19%,根黑腐病分别降低44.41%和55.97%,烟叶的产量、产值及中上等烟比例分别提高25.44%、35.62%和18.46%。The effects of three microecological preparations on soil enzyme activity and tobacco yield in continuous cropping tobacco field were studied by a field experiment to screen out microecological preparations suitable for tobacco-growing area in Southwest of Henan area and to provide scientific basis for their promotion and application in production.Result:Compared with CK(no applying microecological preparation),applying microecological preparation can increase soil dehydrogenase,urease and sucrase activity,soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and soil respiration intensity significantly but decrease soil microbial metabolic quotient.The quantity of bacteria,actinomycetes,abiogenous azotobacter,inorganic phosphorus bacteria and potassium bacteria is increases but the fungi quantity is decreased.The microecological preparation containing Bacillus subtilis as the main component has the best effect on yield,quality and disease control of tobacco.The disease rate and disease index of black shank and black root rot of tobacco applied with the microecological preparation containing B.subtilis decrease by 54.59%and 65.19%,and 44.41%and 55.97%compared with CK respectively.The yield,output value and proportion of tobacco with first and secondary class of tobacco applied with the microecological preparation containing B.subtilis increase by 25.44%,35.62%and 18.46%compared with CK separately.

关 键 词：微生态制剂 烤烟 连作 土壤酶活性 烟叶产量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业] S154.2[农业科学—作物学]