金属纳米晶催化稠油原位裂解加氢降黏改质  

Viscosity reduction and upgrading of heavy oil by in-situ catalytic cracking hydrogenation method with metal nanocrystals

作　　者：李彦平 张辉[1,2] 苏文礼 张连红 Li Yanping;Zhang Hui;Su Wenli;Zhang Lianhong(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu Sichuan 610500,China;The Center of New Energy Materials and Technology,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu Sichuan 610500,China;College of Chemical Engineering,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Beijing 102200,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学化学化工学院,四川成都610500 [2]西南石油大学新能源研究中心,四川成都610500 [3]中国石油大学(北京)化学工程学院,北京102200

出　　处：《石油化工》2019年第2期136-142,共7页Petrochemical Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(21406184)

摘　　要：实验制备了单金属Ni、Fe及双金属Ni-Fe合金纳米晶催化剂,并以水合肼(N_2H_4·H_2O)为供氢剂,对旅大32-2脱水原油进行催化裂解加氢改质研究。采用TEM,XRD对所制备的催化剂进行表征;通过正交实验确定了最佳反应条件,并采用GC-MS,FTIR,TG-DSC等测试手段对原油及改质油样进行分析。表征结果显示,金属纳米晶催化剂平均粒径约为5.0～6.0 nm,且分布均匀。实验结果表明,金属纳米晶具有催化稠油大分子裂解并使供氢剂分解析氢双重功能,其中Ni-Fe合金/N_2H_4·H_2O体系共催化作用对稠油的降黏效果最佳,改质后油样中轻质组分含量为89.20%(w),上升了26.86百分点,黏度降至72 mPa·s,降黏率达95.6%;稠油经催化裂解加氢后重质组分结构被破坏,黏度发生不可逆的降低,稠油品质提高。Monometallic Ni,Fe and bimetallic Ni-Fe alloy nanocrystal catalysts were prepared and used hydrazine hydrate(N2H4·H2O) as hydrogen donor for the viscosity reduction and upgrading of Lvda 32-2 dehydrated heavy oil by catalytic cracking hydrogenation method. The prepared catalysts were characterized by TEM and XRD methods. The optimal reaction conditions were determined by orthogonal experiments and the properties of crude oil and upgrading oil were analyzed by GCMS, FTIR,TG-DSC methods. The characterization results showed that average particle size of the metal nanocrystals was about 5.0 to 6.0 nm and particles distribution was uniform. The experimental results revealed that metal nanocrystals have dual functions of promoting catalytic cracking of heavy oil macromolecules and catalyzing hydrogen donor decomposition to hydrogen,and Ni-Fe alloy/N2H4· H2O system showed best effect on viscosity reduction. The light component content of the upgrading oil was 89.20%(w) and which increased by 26.86 percentage point,the viscosity decreased to 72 mPa·s and viscosity reduction rate reached 95.6%;the structure of heavy components was destroyed after catalytic cracking hydrogenation;viscosity was reduced irreversibly;and quality of crude oil was improved.

关 键 词：稠油 催化裂解加氢 降黏改质 金属纳米晶 水合肼 

分 类 号：TQ426.82[化学工程]