某汽车制造公司21年来职业性噪声聋发病情况分析  

Analysis of the incidence of occupational noise-induced hearing loss in an automobile factory in recent 21 years

作　　者：吴琨 梅勇[2] 吴家兵[1] 姚莉 姚艳萍 姚道华 郑建如 卢锐 陈静 WU Kun;MEI Yong;WU Jiabing;YAO Li;YAO Yanping;YAO Daohua;ZHENG Jianru;LU Rui;CHEN Jing(Shiyan Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Shiyan,Hubei442000,China;Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wu han 430065,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省十堰市职业病防治院,湖北十堰442000 [2]武汉科技大学职业危害识别与控制湖北省重点实验室

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2019年第1期76-79,共4页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

基　　金：湖北省卫生健康委科研立项项目汽车制造行业噪声听力损伤风险评估及控制应用研究(WJ2019M046)

摘　　要：目的对某汽车公司职业性噪声聋诊断病例进行分析,确定噪声聋发病的特点,为汽车制造行业噪声危害的预防控制提供依据。方法对噪声聋诊断结果进行归类,采用方差分析、秩和检验对噪声聋病例年龄、工龄和工种分布特点进行统计分析。结果 169例噪声聋病例,轻度108(63.90%)、中度28(16.57%)、重度33(19.53%)。不同年份诊断的职业病人群其年龄的差异有统计学意义(F=2.119,P=0.008),不同年份诊断的职业病人群其接噪工龄的差异无统计学意义(F=0.886,P=0.596)。不同接噪工龄的病例与诊断级别的差异无统计学意义(χ~2=3.251,P=0.517),随着工龄的增加诊断级别没有显著差异,经统计分析,不同工种职业性噪声聋病例诊断年龄、接噪工龄和噪声聋诊断分级差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论要更好地控制职业性噪声聋,应加强作业场所源头控制,健康监护注重早期高频听力损失的筛查,并针对不同工种接触噪声的特性,有针对性地进行风险防控研究,为制定相应的对策提供科学支持。Objective To analyze cases of occupational noise deafness in an automobile manufacturer,to determine the characteristics of noise deafness,and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of noise hazards in the automobile manufacturing industry.Methods The diagnostic results of noise induced hearing loss were classified.Analysis of variance(ANOVA),rank sum test and Chi-square test were used to analyze the age,service age,and characteristics of work types.Results Of 169 patients with occupational noise induced hearing loss,108 were mild(63.91%),28 were moderate(16.27%),and 33 were serious(19.53%).The age difference of occupational patients diagnosed in different years was statistically significant(F=2.119,P=0.008).There was no significant difference in the age of noise exposure among the occupational patients diagnosed in different years(F=0.886,P=0.596).There was no statistically significant difference in the degree of diagnosis between cases with different lengths of noise-receiving years(χ^2=3.251,P=0.517).With the increase of working years,there was no significant difference in the diagnostic level.According to statistical analysis,there were significant differences in age of diagnosis,noise exposure years,and diagnostic grades between the cases of different types of work(P<0.05).Conclusion To better control occupational noise induced deafness,the noise source control in the workplace should be strengthened.The screening of early high-frequency noise hearing loss should be strengthened in health monitoring.According to the characteristics of the contact noise of different types of work,the risk prevention and control study should be carried out to provide scientific support for the development of appropriate countermeasures.

关 键 词：汽车制造业 职业性 噪声聋 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]