合成生物学在生物材料科学中的应用及展望  

Applications and perspectives of synthetic biology in biomaterials science

作　　者：陈飞[1] 钟超[2] 孙飞 于寅 CHEN Fei;ZHONG Chao;SUN Fei;YU Yin(Center for Quantitative Synthetic Biology,Institute of Synthetic Biology,Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen 518055,China;School of Physical Science and Technology(SPST),Shanghai Tech University,Shanghai 201210,China;Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Hong Kong SAR 999077,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院合成生物学研究所定量合成生物学研究中心,深圳518055 [2]上海科技大学物质科学与技术学院,上海201210 [3]香港科技大学化学与生物工程学院,香港999077

出　　处：《生物产业技术》2019年第1期5-12,共8页Biotechnology & Business

基　　金：深圳市孔雀团队(KQTD 20170331160605510)

摘　　要：生物材料的发展最早以生物惰性的工业材料为主,而后过渡到具有生物活性的材料,再发展为具备与生物体有可控生物反应的材料。未来,随着老龄化时代的来临以及精准医学的需求,生物材料的发展必然朝着动态可调控、高效多功能及仿生交互的方向发展。合成生物学以基因回路设计为核心,采用标准化元件在人造生物器件中实现可控的复杂功能,极大地推动了生命科学的发展。简要回顾了生物材料的发展,重点介绍了合成生物学在组织工程支架、可控药物输送体系、生物杂化材料及工程活体材料方面的应用,并讨论了未来合成生物学将如何更深远地影响生物材料的发展以及合成生物学在生物材料应用方面需要克服的一些挑战。Biomaterials have been evolved from initial bioinert industrial materials to bioactive materials and now to biomaterials that dynamically interact with surrounding tissue and cellular processes.With the advent of population aging and precision medicine,there are strong needs in the development of advanced biomaterials which not only possess multi-functional and biomimetic properties but are adaptive and dynamically responsive to biological process.Synthetic biology is an emerging fi eld focused on engineering biomolecular systems and cellular capabilities for a variety of applications.It uses interchangeable and standardized“bio-parts”to construct complex genetic circuits to achieve a variety of functions.The purpose of this review is to highlight the most recent advances in the use of synthetic biology for biomaterial engineering,including tissue engineering scaff olds,optimization of drug delivery system,biohybrid materials and engineered living materials.This review concludes by discussing how future work in synthetic biology could aff ect biomaterials and by describing the challenges that need to be overcome for the fi eld to translate its promise into practice.

关 键 词：生物材料 合成生物学 基因回路 动态自适应 

分 类 号：R318.08[医药卫生—生物医学工程] Q819[医药卫生—基础医学]