稻蟹共作模式对土壤微生物量氮和酶活性的影响  

Effects of rice-crab culture system on soil microbial biomass nitrogen and soil enzymes activities

作　　者：王昂[1,2,3] 戴丹超 马旭洲[1,3] 牟群 于永清 吕为群[1,2] WANG Ang;DAI Dan-chao;MA Xu-zhou;MOU Qun;YU Yong-qing;LYU Wei-qun(Shanghai Ocean University, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai 201306, China;Shanghai Ocean University, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai 201306, China;Shanghai Ocean University, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture/Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture/Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201306, China;Huaian Higher Vocational School of Biological Engineering, Huaian 223200, China;Panshan Research Institution of Crab Technology, Panjin 124000, China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学水产种质资源开发利用重点实验室,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学农业部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室/上海市水产养殖工程技术研究中心/水产动物遗传育种协同创新中心,上海201306 [4]淮安生物工程高等职业学校,江苏淮安223200 [5]盘山县河蟹技术研究所,辽宁盘锦124000

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2019年第1期76-84,共9页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31572599);上海市现代农业产业技术体系项目[沪农科产字(2018)第4号];水产动物遗传育种中心上海市协同创新中心项目(ZF1206)

摘　　要：为探索稻蟹共作系统中微生物量氮(MBN)含量和酶活性的动态变化,在辽宁盘锦开展田间试验,试验采用2因素裂区设计,以养蟹为主因素,施肥为副因素,设置4个处理,即单作稻不施氮肥处理(R0M)、稻蟹共作不施氮肥处理(R0C)、单作稻施氮肥处理(R1M)和稻蟹共作施氮肥处理(R1C)。结果表明,施肥显著提高0～20. 0cm土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N和MBN的含量,显著提高0～20.0 cm土壤脲酶、蛋白酶和脱氢酶的活性,以及0～10. 0 cm土壤过氧化氢酶活性。养蟹对土壤NH4+-N和NO3--N含量影响较小,在施肥条件下,养蟹显著提高0～20. 0 cm土层土壤MBN含量,在不施肥稻田中,养蟹对土壤MBN的影响较小。养蟹显著提高0～10. 0 cm土壤脲酶和蛋白酶活性以及0～20. 0 cm土壤脱氢酶活性,对10.1～20. 0 cm土壤脲酶活性、蛋白酶活性和0～20. 0 cm土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响较小。因此,稻蟹共作模式可以在一定程度上提高土壤MBN含量和酶活性,增强酶在土壤氮素转换过程中的积极作用,提高土壤氮素的有效性。To study the effects of rice-crab culture on soil microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN)and enzyme activity at soil depths of 0-10.0 cm and 10.1-20.0 cm,a field experiment was conducted in Panjin,Liaoning province.A split-plot design with two factors was arranged in this experiment,taking crab as the main factor and fertilizer as sub-factors.The treatments included rice monoculture without fertilizer(R0M),rice-crab culture without fertilizer(R0C),rice monoculture with fertilizer(R1M)and rice-crab culture with fertilizer(R1C).The results showed that the concentrations of NH4^+-N,NO3^--N and MBN in the 0-20.0 cm soil layers,the activities of urease,protease and dehydrogenase in the 0-20.0 cm soil layers as well as the activity of catalase in 0-10.0 cm soil layer were improved by the utilization of fertilizer.Crab rearing in rice field had less effect on concentrations of NH4^+-N and NO3^--N.Compared with R1M treatment,R1C treatment significantly increased the MBN content in the 0-20.0 cm soil layers,whereas there was little difference between R0M and R0C treatments.The activities of urease,protease in the 0-10.0 cm soil layer and dehydrogenase activity in the 0-20.0 cm soil layers in rice-crab culture system were significantly higher than those in the rice monoculture system,but there were no significant differences in the activities of urease,protease in the 10.1-20.0 cm soil layer and catalase activity in the 0-20.0 cm soil layers between the two culture systems.The results suggested that rice-crab culture system could improve the soil MBN content and enzyme activities to a certain extent and stimulate the activity of the enzyme in soil nitrogen transformation,which could promote the effectiveness of nitrogen during the rice growth.

关 键 词：稻蟹共作模式 微生物量氮 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S966.16[农业科学—水产养殖]