试论“水平层”与旧石器时代遗址考古发掘方法  

On the “Arbitrary Levels” and the Archaeological Excavation Methods of the Paleolithic Sites

作　　者：李锋[1] 陈福友[1] 赵海龙[2] 高星[1] Li Feng

机构地区：[1]中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京市100044 [2]河北师范大学历史文化学院,石家庄市050024

出　　处：《考古》2019年第1期85-95,共11页Archaeology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金(编号:41502022);德国洪堡基金会;中国科学院青年创新促进会(编号:2017102)的资助~~

摘　　要：田野考古发掘是获取考古学资料的主要手段,确保遗存时空信息的准确性是发掘的关键,也是考古学研究的基础。旧石器时代遗址的考古发掘有自身的特点,即以考古地层学为指导,在"堆积层"的基础上,按一定厚度的水平层进行自上而下的发掘,并详细记录遗迹、遗物等的三维空间坐标。Excavation is a fundamental method to obtain the raw data for archaeological research,and it is vital to make sure that the space-time information of artifacts and archeological features is precise.As a part of archaeology,there are two main characteristics of Paleolithic excavations:first,exposing the site following the depositional layers and excavating the depositional layer by excavation levels with a certain thickness;second,recording the three-dimensional coordinates of the artifacts and the features thoroughly.Excavation of Paleolithic sites does not have a special guiding concept different from Neolithic and historical archaeology with respect to the essential principles.Thence it is misleading to consider arbitrary levels(spit)as guided layers conducting excavation regardless of depositional layers,no matter how fine those levels are.The practices of archaeological excavations are variable,but there is only one way to excavate scientifically that is following the laws of archaeological stratigraphy.

关 键 词：旧石器时代考古 田野发掘 考古地层学 水平层 考古操作层 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]