中国山洪沟现状及防洪治理对策  

Current Situation and Countermeasures of Flash Flood Gulley Control in China

作　　者：马美红[1,2] 黄先龙 何秉顺[1] 任洪玉[4] 常凊睿[1] 李青[1] 李存磊[5] MA Meihong;HUANG Xianlong;HE Bingshun;REN Hongyu;CHANG Qingrui;LI Qing;LI Cunlei(State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China;Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China;Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100053, China;Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan 430015, China;Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院防洪抗旱研究中心,北京100038 [2]天津师范大学,天津300387 [3]国家防汛抗旱总指挥部办公室,北京100045 [4]长江科学院水土保持研究所,湖北武汉430010 [5]辽宁石油化工大学,辽宁抚顺113001

出　　处：《人民黄河》2019年第2期44-48,93,共6页Yellow River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(51409143);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41502100)

摘　　要：为了推动重点山洪沟治理项目更好地开展,与所在小流域的监测预警系统和群测群防体系等相结合,形成综合防御体系,通过数据分析、案例研究、现场调研、经验总结等方法,在阐述山洪沟定义的基础上,综述国内外山洪沟治理研究技术,介绍我国重点山洪沟治理项目的现状,共规划治理山洪灾害危害重的重点山洪沟1 664条,建设了适合我国国情的专群结合的山洪灾害防治体系,发挥了显著的防灾减灾效益,然后从治理特点、治理部署特点、治理技术特点等方面进行分析。结果表明:中国山洪沟的整体分布、危害情况等与山洪灾害防治区基本一致,具有覆盖范围广、投资力度大、治理任务重、发生灾害频繁、基础防御能力低、人类活动影响严重等特点。结合山洪沟治理存在的问题,提出密切结合非工程措施,管理和监督共同推进,多渠道筹集资金,建立激励机制,强化技术、法律、宣传等措施,以期实现最大限度地减少人民生命财产损失。In order to better promote the development of the key flash flood gulley control project , a comprehensive defense system has been formed in combination with the monitoring and early warning system and mass observation and mass preparedness system in the small water-sheds. Based on the data analysis , case study , field investigation , experience summarization etc., the paper expounded the definition , sum-marized the research technology of flash flood gulley control at home and abroad and introduced the current situation of key flash flood gulley control project in China , which had planned to control a total of 1 664 key mountain flood gullies with severe floods. It had creatively con-structed the special flash flood prevention system which played a significant role in flash flood disaster prevention. Then the paper analyzed from the governance characteristics , deployment characteristics and technology characteristics of the flash flood gulley. The results are as fol-lows , the overall distribution of flash flood gullies is basically consistent with the flash flood prevention area. It has the characteristics of wide coverage , large investment , heavy management task , frequent occurrence of disasters , low basic defense capability and serious human activi-ties etc. Finally , combining with the problems of the construction of flash flood gulley control , it puts forward that the measures such as non-project construction , management and supervision should be carried out in close cooperation , raise funds through various channels , establish incentive mechanism , strengthen technology , law , and publicity etc , all of the above contributed to achieve the maximum reduction of peo-ple ' s lives and property losses.

关 键 词：山洪灾害 山洪沟 存在问题 特点 防御对策 

分 类 号：TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源]