三权分置:农地产权制度创新的权能分离之法理考量  

Three-right Separation:Legal Considerations of Separation of Powers and Functions in the Innovation of Rural Land Property Rights System

作　　者：刘禹宏[1] 杨凯越 LIU YuHong;YANG KaiYue(School of Economics, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134)

机构地区：[1]天津商业大学经济学院,天津300134

出　　处：《财贸研究》2019年第1期65-73,共9页Finance and Trade Research

基　　金：天津市教委社科重大项目"京津冀乡村振兴战略中的农业产业化与农地产权制度"(2018JWZD19)

摘　　要：家庭联产承包责任制的确立实现了土地承包经营权从土地所有权中的分离,为农业的发展提供了不竭的动力。但随着我国经济社会快速发展,两权分离模式下的农地政策也面临诸多新的问题。为了解决这些问题,作为既定政策的"三权分置"将是农地制度改革的发展路径和未来趋势。但在现实实践之中,作为"三权分置"政策基础的权能分离理论,是源于西方产权制度的经济学概念,无法对我国"农地三权"进行清晰界定和区分,无法有效地保护和激发农民的积极性,在一定程度上妨碍了农业产业化和规模化的推进。为此,应当在坚持农地所有权的基础之上,对承包权及经营权进行清晰的权利界定,强化承包权为成员权,并创设经营权为物权,从而实现在稳定承包权的同时促进农地经营权流转的政策目标。The establishment of household contract responsibility system realizes the separation of land contractual management right from land ownership, and provides an inexhaustible impetus for agriculture development. However, with the rapid development of China′s economy and society, the policy of farmland under the mode of separation of ownership rights and contractual management rights is facing many new problems. In order to solve these difficulties, the “Separating Rural Land Ownership Rights, Contract Rights, and Management Rights” as an established policy will be the development path and future trend of the reform of agricultural land system. However, in practice, the power separation theory, which is the basis of the “three-right separation” policy, is derived from the economic concept of western property rights system, which cannot clearly define and distinguish the “three-rights of agricultural land” in China, and cannot effectively protect and stimulate farmers′ enthusiasm. To some extent, it hinders agricultural industrialization and large-scale promotion. Therefore, on the basis of adhering to the ownership of rural land, the contract right and management right should be clearly defined, the contract right should be strengthened as the member right, and the management right should be created as the real right, so as to realize the policy goal of promoting the transfer of management right of rural land while stabilizing the contract right.

关 键 词：农地产权制度 三权分置 权能分离 农地产权结构 立法改造 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济] D922.32[政治法律—法学]