重度石漠化区不同土地利用方式下土壤养分特征  

Characteristics of soil nutrient in karst rocky regions with heavy desertification under different land-use patterns

作　　者：朱梓弘 杨程[2] 谢银财 王群 朱同彬[3] ZHU Zihong;YANG Cheng;XIE Yincai;WANG Qun;ZHU Tongbin(China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210018,China;Institute of Karst Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences/Karst Dynamics Laboratory,MNR&GZAR,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Haihe Basin Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Center,Haihe River Water Conservancy Commission,MWR,Tianjin 300170,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083 [2]江苏省地质调查研究院,南京210018 [3]中国地质科学院岩溶地质所/自然资源部广西岩溶动力学重点实验室,广西桂林541004 [4]水利部海河水利委员会海河流域水土保持监测中心站,天津300170

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2018年第6期842-849,共8页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专题"断陷盆地土壤障碍消减与质量提升技术"(2016YFC0502503);中国地质科学院基本科研业务费专项经费"岩溶区土壤氮关键转化过程研究"(YYWF201637);国家自然科学基金(41471447)

摘　　要：本文以云南省蒙自市西北勒乡碧色寨村石漠化土地为研究对象,基于主成分分析法(PCA)研究岩溶石漠化区不同土地利用方式下的土壤养分特征。结果表明:(1)研究区土壤各养分指标变异系数介于0.14～1.76,不同土地利用方式下,土壤养分状况有较大差异;(2)研究区土壤12项养分指标可归结为3个主成分,所提供的信息占全部信息的90.69%,其中PC1主要包含了全磷、有效磷、速效钾和有效锰,PC2主要综合了有机碳、全氮、全钙和有效锌,有效铁对PC3具有较大的贡献。(3)对不同用地类型土壤养分的主成分得分进行排序,由大到小依次为火龙果地>林地>封育草地>玉米地,表明植树造林及火龙果种植等方式能有效改善石漠化区的土壤养分状况。建议对样区的石漠化治理应以封山育土为前提,以生态恢复为目的,通过种植火龙果与修复林地改善样区土壤状况,逐步形成生态环境与社会经济协调发展的石漠化综合治理体系。This study used the principal component analysis(PCA)method to analyze the variation characteristics of soil nutrient under different land uses in the karst rocky desertification regions of Bisezhai village,Mengzi City,Yunnan Province.The results show that,(1)the variation coefficient of nutrient content in soil is between 0.14 and 1.76,indicating the relatively great differences in soil nutrients among different land uses;(2)Twelve soil nutrient indexes could be reduced to three principal components,which provide information accounting for 90.69%of the total.Among them,PC1 contains total P,effective P,rapidly effective K and available Mn.PC2 includes total organic carbon,total N,total Ca and available Zn.The contribution of available Fe to PC3 is the greatest;(3)The comprehensive score of principal components of soil nutrients in different land uses are ranked as follows,Pitaya >Plantation >undisturbed grass >Corn.The ranking result shows that forestation and Pitaya plantation can effectively improve soil nutrient status in rocky desertification areas.Collectively,the rocky desertification control in the study area should be on the premise of forestation to ecological restoration.We suggest that planting pitaya or eucalyputs is conducted to improve the soil conditions in the sampled area,thus gradually forming the integrated management system of rocky desertification,which is beneficial to the coordinated development of the ecological environment and social economy.

关 键 词：岩溶区 土地利用 土壤养分 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]