基于排队论的灾害时人员电梯疏散时间计算  

Calculation of Elevator Evacuation Time during the Disaster by Using the Queuing Theory

作　　者：郑波涛 毛晓汶 杨萍茹 许石 郝彧露 ZHENG Botao;MAO Xiaowen;YANG Pingru;XU Shi;HAO Yulu(Chongqing City Comprehensive Transportation Hub Development Investment Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 400060,China;Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆城市综合交通枢纽(集团)有限公司,重庆400060 [2]西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院,四川成都611756

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2019年第1期83-86,98,共5页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71573215);重庆市科技计划应用开发(重点)项目(cstc2014yykfB30003)

摘　　要：随着多层深埋地下建筑的增多,灾害时人员上行疏散成为一种新出现的疏散方式。人员上行疏散的特性使得人员在疏散过程中需考虑采用电梯、楼梯协同疏散的方式以提高疏散效率,其中电梯疏散逐渐成为研究热点。提出一种新的电梯、楼梯协同疏散过程中电梯疏散时间的计算方法,通过假设电梯的紧急疏散等同于电梯的上下高峰疏散,根据已有的电梯服务时间的经验计算公式,建立电梯疏散排队系统模型M/M/n;利用排队论相关理论建立电梯、楼梯疏散模型中乘客平均到达率λ与电梯服务时间t的关系方程,并根据关系方程求解电梯总疏散时间TRSET;最后以沙坪坝地下大型综合交通枢纽为例进行了验证。结果表明:通过模拟得到的电梯疏散时间与通过电梯疏散时间计算公式计算得到的电梯疏散时间之间的相对误差为5.4%,证明了电梯疏散时间计算公式的有效性,可为管理人员计算灾害时人员疏散时间提供参考。With more and more multilayer underground buildings constructed,the upward evacuation has become a new way of emergency evacuation.In order to improve evacuation efficiency,elevator and staircase coordinated evacuation need to be considered,while the elevator evacuation gradually becomes a research spotlight.This paper proposes a new calculation method for elevator evacuation time of the coordinated evacuation.By assuming that elevator emergency evacuation is equivalent to elevator evacuation peak,based on the existing elevator service time empirical formula,the paper establishes an elevator evacuation queuing M/M/n model.Based on the principle of the queuing theory,the paper establishes the relationship between average arrival rateλand service time t of the elevator and staircase evacuation model.Then the paper derives the elevator evacuation time T RSET from the queuing theory.Finally,the paper takes Shapingba underground integrated transportation hub as an example to verify the model.The results show that the relative error of the elevator evacuation time from simulation of the model and calculation from the formula is 5.4%,which proves the validity of the formula.The paper provides reference for managers to calculate the evacuation time during disasters.

关 键 词：灾害时人员疏散 电梯疏散时间 乘客平均到达率 排队论 M/M/n模型 

分 类 号：X913[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU976.3[建筑科学]