激光雨滴谱仪探测降水与自动气象站观测降水的对比分析  

Comparative analysis of precipitation detected by an optical disdrometer and observed by the automatic weather station

作　　者：贾小芹 郑丽娜 张子涵 王媛 张佳桐 JIA Xiaoqin;ZHENG Lina;ZHANG Zihan;WANG Yuan;ZHANG Jiatong(Dongying Meteorological Bureau,Dongying 257091,China;Hekou Meteorological Bureau,Dongying 257200,China;Yucheng Meteorological Bureau,Yucheng 251200,China)

机构地区：[1]东营市气象局,山东东营257091 [2]东营市河口区气象局,山东东营257200 [3]禹城市气象局,山东禹城251200

出　　处：《海洋气象学报》2019年第1期123-130,共8页Journal of Marine Meteorology

基　　金：山东省气象局重点科研项目(2017sdqxz07)

摘　　要：东营市气象局激光雨滴谱仪于2012年投入应用,为评估分析其探测降水量的准确性,选取东营国家级气象观测站2012——2017年间46个月的自动气象站降水资料与激光雨滴谱仪观测资料,共计245个过程降水量、1 302个小时降水量数据,按不同降水量级对两种仪器观测资料进行对比分析,结果表明:1)过程降水小雨量级,激光雨滴谱仪较自动站平均偏多0. 38 mm,降水量越大,差值越大;中雨量级两者差值较小,雨滴谱仪较自动站仅偏多0. 24 mm;大雨量级,雨滴谱仪较自动站降水量明显偏少约2. 8 mm;暴雨时雨滴谱仪较自动站常偏多。2)小时降水Rh<2. 5 mm时,雨滴谱仪较自动站偏多约0. 1 mm; 2. 5 mm≤Rh≤4. 9 mm时,激光雨滴谱仪与自动站降水量平均差值为0. 0 mm; 5. 0 mm≤Rh≤16. 0 mm时,雨滴谱仪较自动站常明显偏少,偏少值约0. 9 mm;16. 0 mm<Rh≤20. 0 mm时,两者降水量较接近; Rh> 20. 0 mm时,雨滴谱仪较自动站可能出现极端偏多、偏少或两者相近情况。3)降雪时雨滴谱仪降雪量常明显偏多。4)雨滴谱仪和自动站过程累积降水量趋势较一致,且雨滴谱仪分钟降水量能较早反映出降水量峰值及降水强度的变化。通过分析可见,雨滴谱仪雨量数据有较好的可靠性,可在辅助降水现象观测与订正、人工影响天气效果评估和短临预报中发挥更大作用。The optical disdrometer of Dongying Meteorological Bureau was put into use in 2012.In order to assess the accuracy of the detected precipitation,the precipitation data of 46 months by the automatic weather station(AWS)and by the optical disdrometer at Dongying National Meteorological Station from 2012 to 2017,a total of 245 precipitation processes and 1 302 hourly precipitation data,are collected.The observation data by these two instruments are compared and analyzed according to different precipitation grades.The results are as follows.1)For light rain,the precipitation by the optical disdrometer is averagely 0.38 mm more than that by the AWS,and the greater the precipitation,the greater the difference;for moderate rain,the difference is relatively small,and the precipitation by the former is only 0.24 mm more;for heavy rain,the precipitation by the former is about 2.8 mm less;for rainstorm,the precipitation by the former is usually more.2)When the hourly precipitation is less than 2.5 mm,the precipitation by the optical disdrometer is about 0.1 mm more than that by the AWS;when it is between 2.5 mm and 4.9 mm,inclusive,the average difference is 0.0 mm;when it is between 5.0 mm and 16.0 mm,inclusive,the precipitation by the optical disdrometer is obviously less than that by the AWS,which is about 0.9 mm;when it is between 16.0 mm(exclusive)and 20.0 mm(inclusive),the precipitation by these two is close;when it is more than 20.0 mm,the precipitation by the optical disdrometer can probably be extremely more or extremely less or close to that by the AWS.3)As for snowfall,the precipitation by the optical disdrometer is usually significantly more.4)The trend of accumulated precipitation by these two instruments is in conformity,and the minute precipitation by the optical disdrometer can reflect the precipitation peaks and changes of precipitation intensity.It can be seen from the analysis that the precipitation data by the optical disdrometer is reliable and can play a more important role in the observation and correc

关 键 词：激光雨滴谱仪 自动气象站 降水量级 对比分析 

分 类 号：P414.9[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]