几种硝胺炸药在熔态TNT和DNP中的溶解性及其结晶晶型  

Solubility and Crystal Forms of Several Nitramine Explosives in Molten TNT and DNP

作　　者：姚如意 苟瑞君 张树海 朱双飞 钱燕燕 郝维哲 YAO Ru-yi;GOU Rui-jun;ZHANG Shu-hai;ZHU Shuang-fei;QIAN Yan-yan;HAO Wei-zhe(School of Environment and Safety Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China;National Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry,Xi′an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学环境与安全工程学院,山西太原030051 [2]应用物理化学国家级重点实验室,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2019年第1期89-93,I0005,共6页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：应用物理化学国家级重点实验室基金资助

摘　　要：为研究硝胺类炸药在熔铸载体中的溶解性并分析溶解后硝胺类炸药的相变,采用物理分离的方法分别测出了RDX、HMX和CL-20在90℃的2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)和3,4-二硝基吡唑(DNP)中的溶解度;通过拉曼光谱对溶解后回收的硝胺类炸药进行了表征。结果表明,90℃下,RDX、HMX和CL-20在TNT中的溶解度分别为3.35、0.24和4.99g/100g,在DNP中的溶解度分别为12.28、2.64和7.03g/100g;RDX在TNT、DNP中溶解冷却后的晶型均为β型,HMX在TNT、DNP中溶解冷却后的晶型均为α型,RDX、HMX在TNT、DNP中溶解前后晶型一致,均未发生变化;CL-20在TNT、DNP中溶解后回收的晶型均由ε型变为β型,说明CL-20在熔铸炸药载体中由于温度与溶剂的作用晶型不稳定,硝胺类炸药在熔铸载体中溶解并发生相变将会严重影响炸药的性能。To study the solubility of nitramine explosives in melt-casting carriers and to analyze the phase transition of nitramine explosives after dissolving,the solubility of RDX,HMX and CL-20 in 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT)and 3,4-dinitropyrazole(DNP)at 90℃was measured by physical separation method,respectively.The nitramine explosives recovered after dissolution were characterized by Raman spectroscopy.The results show that the solubilities of RDX,HMX and CL-20 in TNT at 90℃are 3.35,0.24 and 4.99 g/100 g,and the solubilities in DNP are 2.28,2.64 and 7.03 g/100 g,respectively.The crystal forms of RDX recovered after dissolving and cooling in TNT and DNP are all ofα-type and the crystal forms of HMX recovered after dissolving and cooling in TNT and DNP are all ofβ-type.The crystalline forms of RDX and HMX before and after dissolving in TNT and DNP are the same,and without change.The crystal forms of CL-20 recovered after dissolving in TNT and DNP are all changed fromε-type toβ-type,indicating that the crystal form of CL-20 is unstable in melt-casting carrier explosives due to the effect of temperature and solvent.The dissolution and phase transition of nitramine explosives in the melt-casting explosive carrier will seriously affect the performance of the explosives.

关 键 词：物理化学 硝胺炸药 RDX HMX CL-20 TNT DNP 溶解度 结晶晶型 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O64[理学—物理化学]