丹参膜上倾斜移栽机构设计与试验  

Design and Test of Tilted Transplanting Mechanism on Mulch-film of Salvia miltiorrhiza

作　　者：徐高伟[1,2] 刘宏新 FARMAN A C[3] 方会敏 荐世春 何腾飞 XU Gaowei;LIU Hongxin;FANG Huimin;JIAN Shichun;HE Tengfei(College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences,Ji nan 250100,China;Faculty of Agricultural Engineering,Sindh Agriculture University,Tandojam 70060,Pakistan)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]山东省农业机械科学研究院,济南250100 [3]信德农业大学农业工程学院,坦杜阿拉亚70060

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2019年第2期78-89,101,共13页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2016ZDJS07A22);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD08B00)

摘　　要：针对丹参膜上倾斜移栽人工作业效率和质量较低、劳动强度较大、现有移栽机不适合丹参膜上倾斜移栽等问题,结合丹参大垄双行覆膜高效生产技术提出的膜上倾斜移栽农艺要求,设计一种基于变形椭圆齿轮-双变速曲柄五杆机构的鸭嘴式丹参膜上倾斜移栽机构。在移栽机构所要求的运动轨迹、栽植器倾斜姿态和设计要求的基础上,分析机构的工作原理并建立机构理论模型。依据数学模型运用Matlab开发出移栽机构人机交互可视化辅助程序,应用该辅助程序研究机构参数对栽植器倾斜角和栽植器端点轨迹的影响规律,通过人机交互的方式得到符合丹参膜上倾斜移栽机构农艺要求的参数组合。根据优化后的参数组合设计样机并进行虚拟仿真和样机田间试验,试验结果表明:变形椭圆齿轮-双变速曲柄五杆式丹参膜上倾斜移栽机构在满足丹参膜上倾斜移栽要求的同时能保证作业质量,移栽机构的立苗角度合格率为90. 7%、漏栽率为2. 7%、株距变异系数为5. 6%、栽植深度合格率为93. 7%。In the view of low efficiency and quality and high labor intensity of Salvia miltiorrhiza tilted transplanting on mulch-film by artificial transplanting,the existing transplanter is not suitable for tilted transplanting of Salvia miltiorrhiza on mulch-film,and combining with the agronomic requirement of high efficiency production technology of Salvia miltiorrhiza big-ridge double-row on mulch-film,a duck-billed tilted transplanting mechanism for Salvia miltiorrhiza was designed based on deformed elliptical gear-double variable speed crank five-bar mechanism.On the basis of trajectory,tilted gesture of planting apparatus and design requirements which was required by transplanting mechanism,the working principle of the mechanism was analyzed and the theoretical model of mechanism was established.The visual auxiliary programs for human-computer interaction was established by using Matlab(Matrix Laboratory)dependeding on the theoretical model.With the help of auxiliary programs,the influence rules of parameters for mechanism on tilted angle and endpoint motion trajectory of planting apparatus were studied,the human-computer interactive method was used to get the parameters combination suited for agronomic requirements tilted transplanting mechanism on mulch-film of Salvia miltiorrhiza.According to the optimized parameters combination,the prototype was designed for virtual simulation and prototype field experiment.Prototype experiment showed that the deformed elliptical gear-double variable speed crank five-bar tilted transplanting mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza on mulch-film could meet the agronomic requirements of Salvia miltiorrhiza tilted transplanting on mulch-film while ensured the quality of operation,the seedling angle qualification rate was 90.7%,the leakage rate was 2.7%,the plant spacing variation coefficient was 5.6%,and the planting depth qualified rate was 93.7%.

关 键 词：丹参 膜上倾斜移栽机 双变速曲柄五杆机构 参数优化 

分 类 号：S223.94[农业科学—农业机械化工程]