水涝渍害对夏玉米生理特性和主要产量性状指标的影响  

Impact of Water logging on the Physiological Parameters and Main Yield Traits of Summer Maize

作　　者：许海涛 王友华 许波 王成业 XU Hai-tao;WANG You-hua;XU Bo;WANG Cheng-ye(Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Science;Zhumadian Comprehensive Experimental Station,Henan Maize Industrial Technology System,Zhumadian 463000,China)

机构地区：[1]驻马店市农业科学院/河南玉米产业技术体系驻马店综合试验站,河南驻马店463000

出　　处：《大麦与谷类科学》2018年第6期7-11,29,共6页Barley and Cereal Sciences

基　　金：河南省重大科技专项(161100110500-0108);河南现代玉米产业技术体系驻马店综合试验站建设项目(Z2018-02-04)

摘　　要：为了探明夏玉米对水涝渍害的响应规律,采用人工模拟大田环境下水涝渍害对夏玉米生理特性和主要产量性状指标的影响。结果表明:水涝渍害抑制了玉米的生长发育,受水涝渍害5、7 d时,玉米株高分别比对照降低11.11%、15.71%;绿叶数和叶面积指数随着水涝渍害时间的增加而迅速减少,受水涝渍害1、3、5、7 d后,叶面积指数分别比对照降低9.60%、26.32%、30.65%、39.32%;玉米叶片叶绿素相对含量(CCI值)和净光合速率(Pn)也呈现出降低的趋势。玉米穗长、穗粗、穗粒质量、成穗率等随着水涝渍害时间的增加有降低的趋势,而死株率、秃尖长有增加的趋势。涝渍处理第1、第3、第5、第7天的玉米产量分别比对照(未经涝渍处理)降低3.69%、75.67%、92.34%、95.79%,可见水涝渍害3 d,玉米产量就减产在70%以上,5 d以上产量则减产达90%以上。In order to identify the response patterns of summer maize to waterlogging,the present study investigated the impact of waterlogging on the physiological parameters and main yield traits of summer maize under artificially simulated field environment.The results showed that maize growth and development was inhibited by waterlogging.Specifically,waterlogging lasting for 5 and 7 days decreased the plant height of maize by 11.11%and 15.71%,respectively,as compared with the control without waterlogging.The number of green leaves and leaf area index(LAI)both decreased markedly with increasing waterlogging duration;and LAI decreased by 9.60%,26.32%,30.65%and 39.32%with 1,3,5,and 7 days of waterlogging,respectively.Moreover,relative leaf chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate also showed a decreasing trend with increasing waterlogging duration.The increase in waterlogging duration led to reductions in the ear length,ear diameter,ear grain weight,100-grain weight,and ear-bearing percentage of maize;but rises in dead plant rate and bare tip length.The maize yields of treatments with 1,3,5,and 7 days of waterlogging declined by 3.69%,75.67%,92.34%and 95.79%,respectively,as compared with the control,indicating that maize yield dropped by more than 70%and 90%with 3 and 5 days of waterlogging,respectively.

关 键 词：水涝渍害 叶面积指数 叶绿素相对含量 净光合速率 死株率 成穗率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]