基于形态与DNA条形码的中国鲾科鱼类分类研究  

Morphometrics and DNA barcoding of Leiognathidae in coastal waters of China

作　　者：周琪[1] 章群[1] 唐楚林 徐示 王业磷 ZHOU Qi;ZHANG Qun;TANG Chu-lin;XU Shi;WANG Ye-lin(Deparment of Ecology,Jinan University,Guangzhou510632,China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学生态系,广州510632

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2019年第1期1-8,共8页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41071034);广东省水利科技创新项目(2016-08)

摘　　要：鲾科鱼类因鳞片细小易脱落,鳍棘易折断,且部分物种具有性二态特征,导致传统分类鉴定困难。为明确中国鲾科(Leiognathidae)鱼类的分类地位,测量了小牙鲾(Gazza minuta)、G. sp. A、黄斑鲾(Leiognathusbindus)、短吻鲾(L. brevirostris)、颈斑鲾(L. nuchalis)、短棘鲾(L. equulus)、细纹鲾(L. berbis)、带纹鲾(L.striatus)、坚鲾(L. stercorarius)、仰口鲾(Secutor ruconius) 10种147尾中国鲾科鱼类的28个形态参数,消除异增长效应后进行主成分分析、判别分析以及聚类分析,发现不同物种间表观形态上具有较大的相似性,易造成鉴定错误。测定中国鲾科鱼类10种47尾DNA条形码序列,结合Gen Bank和BOLD下载数据进行联并分析,发现小牙鲾、G. sp. A、黄斑鲾、短吻鲾、颈斑鲾、短棘鲾、细纹鲾、带纹鲾、坚鲾、仰口鲾、曳丝鲾(L. leuciscus)、宽身小牙鲾(G. achlamys) 12种鲾科鱼类105条序列聚类成11个自展数据支持率为100%的分支,分支间平均遗传距离(18. 6%)是分支内(0. 3%)的62倍,支持分支的物种分类地位。短吻鲾和颈带鲾分支间平均遗传距离(8. 1%)是分支内(0. 15%)的54倍,形态与分子均没有重叠,应为2个独立种。牙鲾属G. sp. A与宽身小牙鲾及小牙鲾的种间遗传距离分别是种内遗传距离的35倍和79倍,支持其为独立的物种。另外,发现本研究采集于广东阳江的坚鲾、海南博鳌的带纹鲾和G. sp. A为中国3个新纪录种。Leiognathidae are widely distributed in Indo-western Pacific,as the scales are small and easy to fall off,the fins are easy to break down,and some species have sexual dimorphism,which makes species identification difficult.To clarify the species status of Leiognathidae in China,147 ind of 10 Leiognathid species,i.e.,Gazza minuta,G.sp.A,Leiognathus bindus,L.brevirostris,L.nuchalis,L.equulus,L.berbis,L.striatus,L.stercorarius,Secutor ruconius,collected in coastal waters of China were studied for morphometric measurement.After eliminating the allometric growth effects,principal component,discriminant analysis and cluster analyses showed that the great morphological similarities were prone to make mistakes in some species assignment.Partial mitochondrial DNA cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene(COI)of 47 ind of the above mentioned 10 Leiognathid species were sequenced.Combinded with sequences downloaded from GenBank and BOLD,DNA barcoding analyses revealed that 12 morphospecies Gazza minuta,G.achlamys,G.sp.A,Leiognathus bindus,L.brevirostris,L.nuchalis,L.equulus,L.berbis,L.striatus,L.stercorarius,L.leuciscus,Secutor ruconius clustered into 11 clades with 100%bootstrap supports.The average genetic distance among clades(18.6%)was 62 times higher than those within clades(0.3%),supporting the species status of the clades.The average genetic distance(8.1%)between L.brevirostris and L.nuchalis was 54 times those within species(0.15%),and their morphological charaters were not overlapped,supporting their separate species status.The genetic distance of G.sp.A to G.achlamys and G.minuta was 35 times and 79 times of their intraspecific genetic distance respectively,supporting their separate species status.Meanwhile,3 species collected in the present study,i.e.,L.stercorarius,L.striatus and G.sp.A,were new record species in coastal waters of China.

关 键 词：鲾科 DNA条形码 形态分类 

分 类 号：Q349[生物学—遗传学]