基于地面图像的卫星自主定轨方法可观测性及定轨性能分析  

Observability of Satellite Autonomous Orbit Determination Method Using Ground Images and Performance Analysis

作　　者：高有涛[1] 李木子 孙俊 GAO Youtao;LI Muzi;SUN Jun(College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu, China;Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute, Shanghai 201199, China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学航天学院,江苏南京210016 [2]上海航天控制技术研究所,上海201109

出　　处：《上海航天》2019年第1期85-90,共6页Aerospace Shanghai

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11705088);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20160811);上海航天科技创新基金(SAST2017088)

摘　　要：卫星自主定轨是航天发展趋势之一。近年来,高分辨率遥感卫星不断发展,为利用光学遥感图像进行自主定轨提供了可能。在此背景下,提出了一种基于地面特征点图像的自主定轨方法。通过构造局部可观测矩阵分析了该定轨系统的可观测性,并用局部可观测矩阵的条件数表征可观测度,估计系统的定轨性能。通过Monte-Carlo仿真实验评估了系统的定轨表现,结果表明:该定轨方法与多点定位方法相比可以得到更高的定轨精度。Satellite autonomous orbit determination(AOD) is one of future development trends for aerospace. The development of high-resolution remote sensing satellites is paving a promising path toward imagery-based AOD. Under this background, the paper presents an AOD method using images of ground feature points. By constructing the local observability matrix and calculating the observability degree, observability and orbit determination performance of the orbit determination system are analyzed. The orbit determination performance of the system is verified by Monte-Carlo simulations. Results indicate that the presented method is capable of providing higher orbit determination accuracy compared with the multiple-point position determination method.

关 键 词：可观测性 扩展卡尔曼滤波 卫星定轨 自主定轨 地面遥感图像 

分 类 号：P134.3[天文地球—天体力学]