《杰伊条约》与美国建国初期的美英关系  

The Jay Treaty and Anglo-American Relations during the Early Period of the American Independence

作　　者：金海[1] Jin Hai

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所

出　　处：《世界历史》2019年第1期27-38,155-156,共13页World History

摘　　要：美国的独立使美英关系发生了质的变化,从原先的宗主国与殖民地关系变成了两个独立国家之间的关系,如何规划这种新关系成了英美两国政府必须面对的问题。两国关系面临着三个突出问题。其一,美国能否接受英国构建的国际秩序和规则;其二,美国将与英国建立什么样的商业关系;其三,英国控制下的美国西北边界哨所的归属问题。英国政府的目标是希望新成立的美国做英国主导的国际均势格局的维护者,而非破坏者。美国政府的利益诉求是确保这个新成立的国家作为国际社会的一个平等成员为各国所接纳,在保持独立行动自由的同时尽可能多地保留殖民地时期它在英帝国内享有的各种特权,以确保其发展空间。围绕上述问题,双方进行了半年的谈判,并最终于1794年签署了《杰伊条约》。该条约构筑了未来英美关系的发展框架,成为双方关系逐步改善乃至发展成为盟友的重要基础。The independence of the United States endowed a completely new content to the Anglo-American relations,turning it from metropolitan-colonist relation into the relation between two independent nations.Both the British and American governments must deal with the issue of regulating their relations.The objects of the British government were to make the United States become a responsible member in the international system under the guidance of Great Britain,and accept the British influence as much as possible,even its leadership.On the other hand,the objects of the American administration were to make sure that it was accepted by other countries as an equal member of the international society,and keep all its privileges it had as the British colony while keep the freedom of its independent action,which ensures the adequate space for its development.Therefore,the Jay Treaty was the outcome of both governments policies.This treaty had been one of the significant bases for the Anglo-American relations until the end of the 19^th century.

关 键 词：美国早期史 英美关系 杰伊条约 均势格局 

分 类 号：D856.1[政治法律—政治学] D871.2[政治法律—外交学]