硫肥类型和施用量对甘草苗期地上生长特征的影响  

Effects of Sulfur Fertilizer Types and Application Rates on the Aboveground Growth Characteristics of Glycyrrhiza uralensis during Seedling Stage

作　　者：阿依夏木.沙吾尔 张凯[1] 胡雨彤 古丽胡玛尔.艾则孜 Ayxem Sawur;ZHANG Kai;HU Yu-tong;Gulhumar Eziz(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes,College of Pratacultural and Environmental Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院新疆土壤与植物生态过程实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2018年第3期189-195,共7页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41361069);新疆维吾尔自治区土壤学重点学科资助

摘　　要：在新疆天山北麓的草甸盐土上布置田间小区试验,选用硫磺粉、硫酸钙、硫酸钾和硫酸铵4种硫肥,设置对照、基础肥料(不施硫肥)、低水平硫肥、中水平硫肥、偏高水平硫肥、高水平硫肥6个不同施用水平,分析4种硫肥及不同施用量对甘草苗生长发育的影响。结果表明,不同硫肥类型和施用量对甘草出苗率和成活率的影响极显著(P <0.01),其肥效为硫酸钾>硫酸铵>硫酸钙>硫磺粉,每种硫肥肥效均为偏高水平处理最高。硫酸钾偏高水平的出苗率达94.08%,分别比对照和基础肥料处理高出48.33%和35.75%;成活率达99.86%,分别比对照和基础肥料处理高出63.35%和28.31%。不同硫肥类型和施用量对甘草苗株高、叶面积指数、产草量、蛋白质和叶绿素含量影响显著(P <0.05),肥效均为硫酸铵>硫酸钾>硫酸钙>硫磺粉,每种硫肥均为偏高水平处理最高,在以提高定植率为目的甘草生产中,推荐使用硫酸钾偏高水平施硫量,即在施用农家有机肥3 500kg/hm^2、三料磷肥153.33kg/hm^2和尿素200kg/hm^2(基础肥料)基础上,施用硫酸钾502.34kg/hm^2;而在以提高地上生物生长量为目标的甘草生产中,建议选择硫酸铵偏高水平施硫量,即在施用基础肥料之后,再施用硫酸铵380.80kg/hm^2。A field plot experiment was conducted on the meadow saline soil in the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain,Xinjiang.Four kinds of sulphur fertilizers were selected,they were sulphur powder,calcium sulfate,potassium sulfate and ammonium sulfate.And the effects of four kinds of sulphur fertilizer and different application rates on the growth and development of Glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings were analyzed by six different application levels of the control,basic fertilizer(no sulphur fertilizer),low level sulphur fertilizer,medium level sulphur fertilizer,slightly high level sulphur fertilizer and high level sulphur fertilizer.The results showed that the emergence rate and survival rate of Glycyrrhiza uralensis were significantly affected by different sulphur fertilizer types and application rates(P﹤0.01);The effects were listed as follows:potassium sulfate﹥ammonium sulfate﹥calcium sulfate﹥sulfur powder;The efficiency of each sulphur fertilizer was the highest at higher level treatment.The emergence rate of potassium sulfate at high level was 94.08,which was 48.33%and 35.75%higher than that of the control and that of the basal fertilizer treatment,and the survival rate was 99.86%,63.35%and 28.31%higher than that of the control and that of the basal fertilizer treatment,respectively;Different sulfur fertilizer types and application rates also had significant effects on the plant height,leaf area index,yield of grass,protein and chlorophyll content,which could be listed as follows:ammonium sulfate﹥potassium sulfate﹥calcium sulfate>sulfur powder(P﹤0.05).The plant height,leaf area index,yield of grass,protein and chlorophyll content showed a first increase then decrease trend,with the highest values founded in the fertilizer amount of high level.In the production of Glycyrrhiza uralensis with the aim of increasing colonization rate,it is recommended to use potassium sulfate at a high level of sulphur application,namely,based on the fertilization with organic fertilizer 3500kg/hm^2,triple super phosphate153.

关 键 词：硫肥 类型 用量 甘草 苗期 

分 类 号：S567.71[农业科学—中草药栽培]