信息与通信技术是否降低了企业能源消耗——来自中国制造业企业调查数据的证据  

Does Information and Communication Technology Reduce Enterprise's Energy Consumption——Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises Survey

作　　者：张三峰 魏下海[3] ZHANG San-feng;WEI Xia-hai(School of Business,Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Institute of Economic Development and Reform,Huaqiao University,Xiamen 361021,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学商学院 [2]南京信息工程大学江北新区发展研究院 [3]华侨大学经济发展与改革研究院

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2019年第2期155-173,共19页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目"企业能力视角下价值链驱动企业自愿性环境管理及其环境绩效研究:以ISO14001认证为例"(批准号71603130);国家自然科学基金地区项目"能源偏向型技术进步与经济增长转型:理论机制及经验证据"(批准号71463022);江苏省社会科学基金重大项目"江苏制造业智能化转型升级研究"(批准号18ZD003)

摘　　要：本文利用世界银行提供的中国制造业企业调查数据,考察了企业生产运营中应用信息与通信技术对企业能源消耗的影响及其机制。研究发现:控制其他条件不变,企业在生产运营中应用信息与通信技术的程度和能源强度之间存在显著且稳健的负向关系。考虑模型的内生性问题后,工具变量法回归结果表明,企业生产运营中应用信息与通信技术的程度每增加1倍的标准差,企业能源强度将降低0.23倍的标准差;面板数据固定效应回归结果还表明,企业信息与通信技术投资与其他生产机器及设备投资之比每提高1%,则企业能源强度降低5.88%。进一步的机制分析表明,企业应用信息与通信技术会通过促进企业技术、机器设备的更新和提升生产制造的柔性化,引致技术进步和结构优化,进而降低企业能源强度。中介效应模型检验发现,这两种中介效应可以分别解释企业应用信息与通信技术总节能效应的5.99%和12.32%。本文证实了企业层面"两化融合"深度化的节能效应,为"互联网+"促进中国企业节能减排提供了微观经验证据,也为中国制造业向高质量发展转型提供了政策启示。Based on the survey data of the World Bank on Chinese manufacturing enterprises,this paper studies the impact of information and communication technology(ICT)on the production and operation of enterprises on energy intensity,as well as the influencing mechanism.Holding other factors constant,the study finds that the application of ICT in enterprise production and operation has a robust and significant negative relationship with energy intensity.Considering endogenous problems,IV method estimates that every time the standard deviation of the application of ICT in enterprise production and operation increased by 1 time,the enterprise energy intensity would decrease by 0.23 times.Fixed effect regression results also show that with every 1%increase in the ratio of enterprise’s investment in ICT to its investment in other production machinery and equipment,the energy intensity of the enterprise decrease by 5.88%accordingly.Further mechanism analysis shows that the application of ICT in enterprises lead to technological progress and structural optimization respectively by the update of enterprise technology and machine equipment and the enhancement of production and manufacturing flexibility,so as to reduce enterprise energy intensity.The test of the mediating effect model shows that these two mediation effects can respectively explain 5.99%and 12.32%of the total energy saving effect of enterprise application ICT.This paper verifies the in-depth energy-saving effect of“integration of information technology and industrialization”at the enterprise level,providing micro empirical evidence for“internet plus”to promote energy-saving and emission-reduction of Chinese enterprises,and policy inspiration for China’s manufacturing industry to transform to high-quality development.

关 键 词：信息与通信技术 能源强度 能源消耗 

分 类 号：F424[经济管理—产业经济]