骨科伤员空运后送飞行中的监护及常见急症的对策  

In-flight health care and treatment strategies for emergency of orthopedic patients during aeromedical evacuation

作　　者：张金康[1] 魏琳岚 吴迪[1] 杜俊杰[1] 李松林[1] 张波[3] ZHANG Jinkang;WEI Linlan;WU Di;DU Junjie;LI Songlin;ZHANG Bo(Department of Orthopaedics, Air Force General Hospital, Beijing 100142)

机构地区：[1]空军特色医学中心(原空军总医院)骨科,北京100142 [2]农业农村部科技发展中心,北京102600 [3]空军特色医学中心(原空军总医院)医研部,北京100142

出　　处：《空军医学杂志》2019年第1期25-27,共3页Medical Journal of Air Force

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(81400859);军队后勤科研重大项目(AKJ15J001)

摘　　要：空运医疗后送可以极大地降低骨科伤员的病死率和伤残率,是目前战时伤病员医疗后送的主要方式。由于骨科伤员的特殊性,空运后送飞行中除需常规护理外,救护人员还需监测伤员生命体征及肢体血管神经状态的变化,观察并记录伤员的疼痛、运动及感觉功能变化,观察创面、引流管及引流液变化情况,评估负压吸引装置工作状态等。骨科伤员在飞行中可能会出现神经、血管损伤、休克、骨筋膜间室综合征、脂肪栓塞综合征、肺栓塞及气性坏疽等急性并发症,现参考国内外相关资料,结合多次参加大型联合作战演习的实践与体会,介绍骨科伤员空运后送飞行中的监护及常见急症的对策。Aeromedical evacuation (AE), which is the main form of military medical evacuation, can greatly minimize the mortality and morbidity of orthopedic patients. Due to the medical specificity of orthopedic patients, the medical crew needs to do more than general nursing care, such as monitoring vital signs and limb neurovascular status, observing and recording the changes of pain, sensory and motor function, observing the changes of wounds, drainage tubes and fluid, and evaluating the condition of negative pressure suction devices. Patients with orthopedic injuries may suffer from emergent complications, such as vascular and neurological complications, shock, compartment syndrome, fat embolism syndrome and gangrene. Taking relevant materials available at home and abroad and our experience from participating in large-scale joint combat exercises as reference, this paper is intended to address in-flight health care and treatment strategies for emergency of orthopedic patients during AE.

关 键 词：空运医疗后送 骨科伤员 机上护理 急症 

分 类 号：R851[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学] R821.13[医药卫生—临床医学]