《人民警察法》(修订草案稿)视野下警察正当防卫权的性质和地位——兼论警察特殊防卫权的行使与限制  

The Nature of Police Defense Rights and Its Application from the Perspective of the Law of Police(Revised Draft):Comments on the Use of and Restrictions on Special Defense Rights of the Police

作　　者：王登辉[1] WANG Deng-hui(Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学,重庆401120

出　　处：《西南政法大学学报》2018年第6期90-98,共9页Journal of Southwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：西南政法大学2017年校级课题"追诉时效制度若干问题研究"(2017XZQN-22)

摘　　要：警察"骂不还口,打不还手"的"文明执法"标准被广泛宣传,在一定程度上加剧了警察执法环境的恶化。警察面对针对自己人身、财产的不法侵害可否反击,反击的性质是什么,存在较大分歧。从现行法来看,警察无疑享有正当防卫的权利,其防卫行为具有正当防卫和依法履行职责的双重性质,不能将两种性质对立起来。所不同的是,只要警察的执法行为符合《人民警察法》和《人民警察使用警械和武器条例》等相关法律法规所规定的条件,就不能认定其违法。长期以来,关于警察开枪权存在巨大争议,故进一步明确警察开枪的条件和程序,具有重要的现实意义。For a long time,“the policemen will not retaliate while they get cursed,and they will not fight back while they are beaten”-this slogan has been widely publicized and deeply rooted in the hearts of people.But to a certain extent this has aggravated the deterioration of the policemen’s law-enforcement environment.There are differences of opinions concerning whether the policemen can counterattack against the illegal infringement against their own personal and property,and what the nature of the counterattack is.Judging from the current laws,the policemen have the right to legitimate defense undoubtedly.Their defense behavior has the dual nature of legitimate defense and the performance of duties according to law.It is impossible to oppose the two natures.The difference is that as long as the policeman’s behavior is in line with the conditions stipulated in the Law of Police and The PRC People’s Police Use of Police Equipment and Weapons Regulations,it cannot be considered illegal.The policemen’s right to shoot has long been a huge controversy.It is of great practical significance to further clarify the conditions and procedures for police shooting.

关 键 词：《人民警察法》(修订草案稿) 正当防卫 警械 开枪权 

分 类 号：DF34[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]