警察权力行使规范的反思——以《人民警察法》(修订草案稿)中有关武器使用的条款为侧重点  

Reflection on the Norm of the Police's Exercising Rights:On the Terms Concerning the Use of Weapons in the Law of Police(Revised Draft)

作　　者：杨彩霞[1] YANG Cai-xia(Law School,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学法学院,武汉430079

出　　处：《西南政法大学学报》2018年第6期99-109,共11页Journal of Southwest University of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：欲指引警察在正当范围内行使权力,必须首先在立法上明确警察权力行使的原则,进而对警察权力做出清晰且合理的界定,明确警察权力行使的边界。宏观上,应当重构目的、前提、手段、程序、监督与责任六位一体的警察权力行使原则体系,使警察权行使在目的的支配下融形式、实体与程序正义要求于一体。微观上,由于警察法没有依警察任务和职权性质的不同区分警察执法手段,导致实践中出现源于司法权性质的刑事执法手段被行政强制措施代替或被降格为行政强制措施的现象,因此有关警察权力措施的规定应当予以类型化、体系化的建构,并注重《人民警察法》与《刑事诉讼法》的衔接。而对于警察权力行使的边界,有必要在比较借鉴的基础上,建构起符合比例原则、协调有序且便于操作的警察"连续强制力"规范体系。《人民警察法》中有关武器使用的条款,则需要从立法模式、执法情形及程序等方面予以进一步完善。In order to normalize the police exercising their rights properly,the relevant principles shall be defined legislatively,and then the rights of the police shall be clearly and reasonably defined,too.On the macro level,the purpose,premises,measures,procedure,supervision and responsibilities shall be integrally redefined as to construct a system of principles,and to enable the police’s exercising rights to meet the requirements of form,entity and procedural justice.Microscopically,different means of executing the law by the policemen are not distinguished based on the different nature of mission and power,thus,in practice,criminal enforcement means may be replaced by or be degraded as administrative coercive measures.Therefore,the concerning regulations shall be constructed abiding by typisierung and systematization.Importance shall be attached to the connection between the Law of Police and the Criminal Procedure Law.As to the limits of the policemen’s exercising rights,it is necessary to establish a system of continuous coercive force which is conforming to proper proportion,coordinate,and feasible.As to the terms concerning the use of weapons in the Law of Police,they shall be improved from the following perspectives,namely,legislation model,law enforcement situation and procedure.

关 键 词：《人民警察法》(修订草案稿) 警察权 权力行使原则 连续强制力 武器使用 

分 类 号：DF34[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]