聚酰亚胺纤维增强SiO_2气凝胶的制备及表征  

Preparation and Characterization of Polyimide Fiber Reinforced Silica Aerogel

作　　者：高文杰 杨自春[1,2] 李昆锋[1,2] 费志方 陈国兵[1,2] 赵爽[1,2] GAO Wenjie;YANG Zichun;LI Kunfeng;FEI Zhifang;CHEN Guobing;ZHAO Shuang(Institute of High Temperature Structural Composite Materials of Naval Ship,Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan 430033;School of Power Engineering,Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan 430033)

机构地区：[1]海军工程大学舰船高温结构复合材料研究室,武汉430033 [2]海军工程大学动力工程学院,武汉430033

出　　处：《材料导报》2019年第4期714-718,共5页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51802347)~~

摘　　要：以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,聚酰亚胺(PI)纤维为增强相,采用溶胶-凝胶和超临界干燥工艺制备出PI纤维增强SiO_2气凝胶复合材料,利用傅里叶红外光谱分析仪、N2吸附脱附仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、万能试验机、热重分析仪及导热系数测量仪表征了气凝胶化学组成、微观结构、力学及热学性能。制备的气凝胶具有低密度、高表面积和较好的隔热性能、热稳定性及压缩性能。PI纤维含量为3%(质量分数,下同)时气凝胶密度为0. 13 g/cm3,比表面积高达997 m2/g,平均孔径为18. 2 nm。常温下导热系数为0. 029 1 W/(m·K),室温到500℃范围内质量损失5%,抗压强度为0. 21 MPa。气凝胶轻质、高比表面积及较好的热学与力学性能使其在舰船的隔热保温领域具有广阔的应用前景。The PI fiber-reinforced SiO2 aerogel composite was prepared by sol-gel method and supercritical drying,taking tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as silicon source and polyimide (PI) fiber as the reinforcing phase.The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,N 2 adsorption desorption spectrometer,field emission scanning electron microscope,universal testing machine,TGA and thermal conductivity meter were adopted to cha-racterize the chemical composition,microstructure,mechanical properties and thermal properties of the SiO2 aerogels.The obtained aerogel pre-sents low density and high surface area,as well as favorable thermal insulation,thermal stability and compressibility.When 3wt% PI fiber is ad-ded,the aerogel shows satisfactory properties with density of 0.13 g/cm^3,specific surface area of 997 m^2/g and average pore diameter of 18.2 nm.And it also exhibits good thermal conductivity (0.029 1 W/(m·K)) at room temperature,a 5% mass loss in the range of room temperature to 500 ℃ and compressive strength of 0.21 MPa.The low density,high specific surface area,good thermal insulation and mechanical properties of the aerogel enable its broad application prospects in the field of ship thermal insulation.

关 键 词：SIO2气凝胶 聚酰亚胺纤维 高比表面积 力学性能 热学性能 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]