浙江普陀山岛引种菩提树越冬防寒技术研究  

Experiment on Overwintering Method for Introduced Ficus religiosa in Putuoshan Island

作　　者：刘春涛 欧丹燕 于再平 赵慈良 胡军飞 刘海 刘翔宇 许洺山[2,3] LIU Chun-tao;OU Dan-yan;YU Zai-ping;ZHAO Ci-liang;HU Jun-fei;LIU Hai;LIU Xiang-yu;XU Ming-shan(Zhoushan Putuoshan Public Service of Zhejiang, Zhoushan 316107, China;Putuoshan Forest Ecosystem Observation Station of Zhejiang,Zhoushan 316107, China;School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China)

机构地区：[1]浙江舟山群岛新区普陀山公用事业管理中心,浙江舟山316107 [2]浙江普陀山森林生态系统定位观测研究站,浙江舟山316107 [3]华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院,上海200241

出　　处：《浙江林业科技》2018年第6期45-51,共7页Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31670438);舟山科技计划项目(No.2014C31040)

摘　　要：在浙江普陀山岛,对菩提树Ficus religiosa苗采用防冻衣、简易大棚、玻璃温室和对照露天栽植4种处理探究在海岛地区的越冬防寒关键技术,为热带植物在较高纬度地区的引种预测、筛选育种以及栽培和应用提供科学依据。试验表明:相对于对照,防冻衣、简易大棚和玻璃温室均能增加冬季极端低温;不同处理对菩提树造成的冻害级别为:对照>防冻衣>简易大棚>玻璃温室,其中对照的冻害级别为V,为整株死亡;防冻衣和简易大棚的冻害级别是Ⅳ,为主干枯死,干基以下存活;玻璃温室的冻害级别为Ⅱ,只是略微受损。二次越冬试验表明:4种处理措施在暖冬情况下,菩提树的存活率均为100%,但冻害级别和症状、恢复效果有差异。此外,菩提树种苗来源地越靠近普陀山岛、纬度越高、种苗径级越大,其越冬存活率越高。综合得出极端低温是影响菩提树在普陀山岛越冬的关键因素,玻璃温室对菩提树的越冬防寒效果最好。因此,可在海岛地区引种靠近较高纬度区域的大径级热带佛教植物,利用玻璃温室建立佛教植物园。One hundred 4-year Ficus religiosa seedlings were introduced from Longhai of Fujian province in Putuoshan Island of Zhejiang in November of 2015 for experiment of overwintering. Seedlings were treated in the current year by anti-freezing cover, plastic greenhouse, glasshouse and control group. The results of next year investigation showed that frost damage of seedlings was ordered by control > anti-freezing cover > plastic greenhouse > glasshouse. Overwintering experiment on the same seedlings in the second year showed that the survival rate was 100% under different treatments, but the frost damage was different. Experiment on overwintering in glasshouse was carried out of different provenances of 2-year and 6-year F. religiosa seedling in Putuoshan Island in 2016. The result demonstrated that larger seedlings and from higher latitude had higher survival rate and better growth.

关 键 词：普陀山岛 菩提树 越冬防寒 防冻衣 简易大棚 玻璃温室 

分 类 号：S687[农业科学—观赏园艺]