不同耕作方式对华南坡耕地土壤孔隙结构和抗穿透强度影响  

Effects of different tillage methods on soil pore structure and penetration resistance of slope farmland in south China

作　　者：杜满聪 李江涛[1] 李淑玲[2] 李集勤[2] DU Man-cong;LI Jiang-tao;LI Shu-ling;LI Ji-qin(School of Geographical Sciences,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Crop Research,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学地理科学学院,广东广州510006 [2]广东省农业科学院作物研究所,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广州大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第6期74-80,共7页Journal of Guangzhou University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41101302);农业部公益性行业专项资助项目(201503119)

摘　　要：合理的耕作方式是农业可持续生产的关键性因素.文章以坡耕地土壤为研究对象,分析不同耕作方式下土壤孔隙结构及抗穿透强度及其相关关系.结果表明:与翻耕比较免耕处理能显著增加耕作表下层(10～20 cm)土壤非毛管孔隙度及耕作底层(20～30 cm)土壤总孔隙度(P<0.05);压实对土壤孔隙结构及抗穿透强度影响不显著;翻耕处理和压实+翻耕处理导致耕作底层土壤孔隙结构较差;深耕及翻耕+深松处理对耕作表下层及底层土壤非毛管孔隙、总孔隙度及土壤抗穿透强度改善效果最好.耕作方式对土壤毛管孔隙度影响较小.回归分析显示土壤总孔隙度(R^2=0.35,P<0.01)和非毛管孔隙度(R^2=0.42,P<0.01)与土壤抗穿透强度呈较好的线性关系,耕作措施可通过影响土壤孔隙结构形成,进而影响土壤抗穿透强度.总体而言,深耕及翻耕+深松处理更有利于构建疏松、多孔的土壤结构,利于蓄水保墒提高土壤质量.Reasonable tillage methods are the key factors for sustainable agricultural production.In this paper,the soil in the cultivated land was taken as the research object,the soil pore structure and penetration resistance and their correlations under different tillage methods were analyzed.Results showed that:Compared with conventional-tillage treatment,no-tillage treatment can significantly increase soil non-capillary porosity in the lower layer(10~20 cm)and total soil porosity in the bottom layer(20~30 cm);compaction has no significant effect on soil pore structure and penetration resistance;however,conventional-tillage treatment and compaction+conventional-tillage treatment resulted in poor soil pore structure in the bottom layer of the tillage;deep-tillage treatment and conventional+subsoiling-tillage treatment had the best effect on soil non-capillary porosity,total porosity and soil penetration resistance of the lower layer and bottom layer.The tillage method has little effect on soil capillary porosity.The results of regression analysis show that soil total porosity(R^2=0.35,P<0.01)and non-capillary porosity(R^2=0.42,P<0.01)demonstrate a good linear relationship with soil penetration resistance.The tillage treatment can affect the formation of soil pore structure,and thus,affect the soil penetration resistance.In general,deep-tillage treatment and conventional+subsoiling-tillage treatment is more conducive to the construction of loose,porous soil structure,which is conducive to water-harvesting,moisture-conserving and soil quality.

关 键 词：坡耕地 贯入阻力 机械压实 翻耕 孔隙分布 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学]