美国公务员人事处理纠纷申诉机制及启示  

The Appeal Mechanism of American Civil Service Personnel Dispute and Its Enlightenment

作　　者：李洁琼 LI Jie-qiong(Koguan School of Law,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院,上海200030

出　　处：《天津法学》2019年第1期96-100,共5页Tianjin Legal Science

摘　　要：美国1978年《公务员制度改革法案》,确立联邦政府人事管理功绩制原则,分解了公务员人事管理权限,并设立功绩制保护委员会,负责处理公务员的申诉,确认他们受到公务员制度保护的权利被侵害并提供救济。功绩制保护委员会在设置和运行等方面具有相对的独立性,但同时也受到特别法律顾问办公室、联邦雇员会与平等就业机会委员会以及司法机关的监督。该机构的申诉处理程序具有规范、高效、可受监督等特点,有利于对公务员权利的充分保护,但同时可能存在对公务员过度保护,委员会难以形成有效决策等方面的问题。美国公务员人事纠纷申诉机制改革为进一步完善我国公务员制度提供了借鉴意义。The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 in the United States established the principle of merit system for personnel management of the federal government,decomposed the authority of personnel management of civil servants,and established the merit system protection committee,which was responsible for handling civil servants’complaints,confirming their rights protected by the civil service and providing relief.The merit system protection board is relatively independent in its establishment and operation,but is also supervised by the office of special counsel,the federal employees association and the equal employment opportunity commission,as well as the judiciary.The complaint processing procedure of the agency has the characteristics of standardization,efficiency and supervision,which is conducive to the full protection of civil servants’rights,but at the same time it may have problems of excessive protection of civil servants and difficulty in forming effective decision-making by the commission.This reform of the appeal mechanism of the personnel dispute in the United States provides a reference for our country to further improve the civil service system.

关 键 词：功绩制 公务员人事纠纷 申诉程序 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]