税收优惠方式与企业研发投入——基于双重差分模型的实证检验  

Tax Preferences and R&D Investment of Enterprises:Empirical Study Based on Difference-in-difference Model

作　　者：韩仁月 马海涛 HAN Ren-yue;MA Hai-tao

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学 [2]山东财经大学财政税务学院 [3]中央财经大学财政税务学院

出　　处：《中央财经大学学报》2019年第3期3-10,共8页Journal of Central University of Finance & Economics

摘　　要：在国家大力支持企业技术创新的背景下,多种税收优惠方式用于激励企业研发投入,这些税收优惠方式是否取得了预期效应?多种优惠政策同时实施是否存在政策资源的浪费?笔者运用双重差分模型实证检验了不同税收优惠方式对企业研发投入的激励效应。结果表明:不同税收优惠方式对企业研发投入的激励效应由强到弱依次为:研发费用加计扣除>税率优惠>固定资产加速折旧;固定资产加速折旧对企业研发投入的激励效果并不显著;多种税收优惠方式同时实施存在激励效应相互抵减。因此,为了提高税收优惠对企业研发激励的效应,笔者建议应加大直接优惠力度,扩大税率优惠的适用范围;使促进企业研发的优惠成为行业的"普惠性"优惠政策,取消固定资产加速折旧的行业限制;企业应注重多种税收优惠方式的合理搭配,避免抵减效应。Against the background of the state s vigorous support of the enterprise technological innovation,various tax preferences are used to stimulate the R&D investment of enterprises.Have these tax preferences achieved the expected effect? Is there a waste of policy resources when various preferential policies are implemented simultaneously? This paper empirically tests the incentive effect of different tax preferences on R&D investment by using the difference-in-difference model.It turns out that:firstly,the best incentive effect of different tax preferences on R&D investment of enterprises is calculating and deducting the R&D expense,followed by tax rate preferences,and accelerated depreciation of fixed assets;secondly,accelerated depreciation of fixed assets has no significant incentive effect on the R&D investment of enterprises;thirdly,implementing multiple tax preferences simultaneously will offset incentive effect.Therefore,in order to improve the incentive effect of tax preferences on the R&D of enterprises,this paper suggests that we should strengthen direct preferences and expand the scope of application of tax rate preferences;to make the preferences of promoting R&D investment become the industry's “inclusive” preferential policies,we should abolish the industry restrictions on accelerated depreciation of fixed assets;enterprises should pay attention to the reasonable collocation of a variety of tax preferences to avoid the effect of deduction.

关 键 词：税收优惠方式 研发投入 双重差分 

分 类 号：F810[经济管理—财政学]