21世纪海盗:无人船海上航行安全的法律滞碍  

Pirates in the 21st century: legal impediments to the navigation safety of unmanned ships

作　　者：王国华[1] 孙誉清[1] WANG Guo-hua;SUN Yu-qing(School of Law,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海事大学法学院,上海201306

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2018年第4期102-109,共8页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大研究专项"新时代海洋强国战略法制保障研究"(18VHQ004);上海海事大学研究生创新基金项目"21世纪海上丝绸之路背景下国际海事条约的实施机制研究:以探索国际合作模式为路径"(2017ycx065)

摘　　要：信息化和无人化时代下,能否妥善处理利用互联网实施新型海盗行为的"21世纪海盗"问题,将影响无人船的发展前景。现行海事海商法律制度下,新型海盗行为与传统海盗行为在船舶、人员和行为方面可能存在差异:无人船在作为海盗行为侵害方时,相关国际海事公约给予了较大的解释空间,可以正确将之识别为海盗船; UNCLOS第101条中的"双船"要件使得岸基操控人员和黑客的法律地位识别结果存疑,相应人员的法律责任得不到正确规制;新型海盗行为在行为的地点、手段、对象和暴力性方面的特征与传统海盗行为不同。为了进一步制止海盗行为、促进无人船发展,应积极协调刑事立法、民事立法以及司法管辖权。In an era of informationization and autonomization,the proper handling of the problem of pirates in the 21st century who operate on the Internet will affect the prospects of unmanned ships.Under the current maritime and admiralty legal system,there may be differences in ships,personnel and acts between new and conventional piracy.When an unmanned ship acts as a piracy infringer,relevant international maritime conventions give greater scope for its interpretation and correctly identify the unmanned ship as a pirate ship.The"double ship"element in Article 101 of UNCLOS casts doubt on the recognition of the legal status of shore-based operators and hackers and leads to a lack of regulation of the corresponding personnel's liabilities.The new piracy differs from conventional piracy with regard to the location,means,object and violence.With a view to further curbing piracy and promoting the development of unmanned ships,it is necessary to actively coordinate criminal legislation,civil legislation and jurisdiction.

关 键 词：海盗 海盗行为 无人船 航行安全 

分 类 号：DF961.9[政治法律—国际法学]