模拟降雨条件下垄膜方式对土壤蓄水效应影响  

Effect of Furrow Planting on Soil Water Accumulation Under Simulated Rainfall Conditions

作　　者：李彬[1,2] 戚迎龙 赵沛义 赵举[1,2] 尹春艳 任永峰[1,2,4] 高宇 刘虎 丁艳宏[3] LI Bin;QI Yinglong;ZHAO Peiyi;ZHAO Ju;YIN Chunyan;REN Yongfeng;GAO Yu;LIU Hu;DING Yanhong(Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation (Inner Mongolia), Hohhot 011705, China;College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;Institute of Water Resourcesfor Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Huhhot 010020, China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农牧业科学院资源环境与检测技术研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [2]农业部内蒙古耕地保育科学观测实验站,内蒙古呼和浩特011705 [3]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [4]中国农业大学农学院,北京100193 [5]中国水利水电科学研究院牧区水利科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《人民黄河》2019年第3期100-105,122,共7页Yellow River

基　　金：内蒙古自然科学基金资助项目(2017BS0514);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400305;2017YFD0201505);内蒙古农牧业科技创新基金资助项目(CXJJ2017NO10;CXJJ2017N12);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B01)

摘　　要：通过小区试验和模拟降雨的方法,分析了旱作区不同降雨量下不同垄膜覆盖方式对土壤水蓄积效应的影响。结果表明:随着模拟降雨量增大,0～50 cm土层的土壤贮水量及其增量增大,表现为垄作全覆膜(QLM)>垄作半覆膜(BLM)>传统平作(CKM)。对于沙壤土,垄作全覆膜较传统平作贮水量增量增大0.9～3.4 mm,产流效率为10.50%～27.50%,蓄墒增加率为36.21%～95.65%;垄作半覆膜较传统平作贮水量增量增大0.6～2.1 mm,产流效率为5.00%～15.00%,蓄墒增加率为17.24%～55.26%。对于壤土,垄作全覆膜较传统平作贮水量增量增大1.7～6.8 mm,产流效率为31.00%～45.83%,蓄墒增加率为75.68%～95.77%;垄作半覆膜较传统平作贮水量增量增大1.4～4.2 mm,产流效率为15.00%～35.00%,蓄墒增加率为75.68%～95.77%。试验验证了不同覆膜方式的集雨效果、土壤蓄水和保墒效应,全覆膜和半覆膜垄上沟播模式能够起到集雨增温保墒作用,可提高土壤蓄水,实现区域降水资源的高效利用。In order to explore the effect of different film mulching methods on soil moisture accumulation in dry farming areas under simulated rainfall conditions , this paper analyzed the effects of different mulching methods on soil water conditions under different rainfall conditions. The results show that , with the increase of simulated rainfall , the soil water storage in sandy loam and clay loam are increased , ridge covered ( QLM )>half covered ridge ( BLM )> traditional flat ( CKM ). For the sandy loam , the increase of the total amount of corrugated mulch is 0.9-3.4 mm , and the flow efficiency is 10.5%-27.5%. The increase rate is 36.21%-95.65%. The yield of the raised bed is 0.6-2.1 mm , and the yield is 5%-15%, and the increase rate is 17.24%-55.26%. Compared with the traditional level , the total mulch is 1.7-6.8 mm , and the yield efficiency is 31%-45.83%, and the increase rate is 75.68%-95.77%. The yield of the raised bed is 1.4-4.2 mm higher than that of the conventional level , and the yield efficiency is 15%-35%, and the increase rate of accumulation is 75.68%-95.77%. The effect of rain collection and soil water storage and soil moisture conservation under different film mulching modes , and the film covering the whole film and semi ridge furrow sowing mode play a great role in collecting rainwater , increasing the ground temperature and keeping soil moisture. The popularization and application of the research results can effectively improve the efficient utilization of precipitation resources in this area.

关 键 词：模拟降雨 垄膜覆盖 产流效率 蓄墒 旱作农业 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]