差异化的生态公益林生态补偿标准——以北京市为例  

Distinct eco-compensation standards for ecological forests in Beijing

作　　者：盛文萍[1] 甄霖[1,2,3] 肖玉 SHENG Wenping;ZHEN Lin;XIAO Yu(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100812, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学资环学院,北京100049 [3]国土资源部资源环境承载力评价重点实验室,北京100812

出　　处：《生态学报》2019年第1期45-52,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0503700);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07101001);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31670486)

摘　　要：生态补偿本质是生态系统服务的购买,因此生态补偿标准的制定必须基于生态系统所提供的生态服务价值。2004年开始,北京市逐步对生态公益林进行生态补偿,但补偿项目仍然采用了一刀切的标准制定模式。森林生态系统因树种和林龄的不同,提供的生态系统服务存在较大差异。另外,生态公益林所处的区域位置也决定着其生态系统服务价值发挥的稳定性和相对重要性,是生态补偿标准的制定中必须要考虑的因素。因而,有必要基于生态系统的生态服务价值量核算,并综合考虑生态系统的立地环境、区域定位和资源稀缺度因素,构建差异化的生态公益林生态补偿方案。依据该方案计算的北京生态公益林补偿标准范围在176元/hm^2到2168元/hm^2,其中延庆区和怀柔区的生态公益林补偿标准较高,中心城区和房山区的补偿标准较低。补偿标准的全市平均值为1265元/hm^2,与北京现行山区生态林生态补偿项目的补偿标准相当。构建的公益林生态补偿标准,体现了生态系统的生态服务价值以及生态服务的区位相对重要性差异,为动态化、多元化的公益林生态补偿方案建立提供了可能。Forest ecosystem,the most important ecosystem in Beijing,covers 35% of the administrative area and plays a key role in the maintenance of urban ecological security by providing many fundamental ecosystem services to local and surrounding communities. In Beijing, co-compensation has been gradually considered a potentially valuable tool for policymakers to better address ecological conservation and environmental issues. Eco-compensation is distributed by policymakers to manage natural resources and to address the misalignments between socially and privately optimal levels of ecosystem service provisioning. Ecological forests play a key role in the maintenance of ecological security in Beijing,and two eco-compensation programs that target forest ecosystems have been implemented in Beijing since 2004. These ecocompensation programs for forest construction have contributed to the equal distribution of ecological and economic benefits between protectors and beneficiaries. However,these eco-compensation programs have issues in payment standards for several reasons. First,the current standards are based on the fiscal capability of the government rather than the magnitudesof forest ecosystem service value. Second,a one-size-fits-all standard is used for eco-compensation programs,which cannot reflect the contributions of different ecosystem services. Third,location diversity indicators are not taken into account in the current payment standard. To address these issues,a more reasonable and scientific determination of payment standards was established in this study. Because hydrological regulation is the primary sub-type of ecosystem services supported by the mountain ecological forests in Beijing,the economic values of hydrological regulation services in each sublot were calculated to represent the ecological forest ecosystem service value in the mountain areas in our study. The different geographical locations create different social and economic development dimensions in forest ecosystem services. Even if the ecosystem s

关 键 词：生态系统服务价值 生态补偿 森林小班 区位因子 

分 类 号：F326.27[经济管理—产业经济]