碳源对花鳗鲡养殖系统水质及生产性能的影响  

Effects of addition of carbon sources on water quality in farming tanks and production performance in marbled eel Anguilla marmorata

作　　者：唐肖峰 刘利平[1] 帅滇 张利娜[1] TANG Xiao-feng;LIU Li-ping;SHUAI Dian;ZHANG Li-na(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2019年第1期70-79,共10页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：上海市科技委员会资助项目(13320502200);上海市农委科技攻关项目(沪农科攻字2013第2-2号)

摘　　要：为探究碳源对花鳗鲡Anguilla marmorata养殖系统内水质及生产性能的影响,利用生物絮团技术在12个室内水泥池(3.0 m×5.0 m×1.2 m)中进行花鳗鲡—罗非鱼—蕹菜立体综合养殖试验,试验设置A(花鳗鲡单养)、B(花鳗鲡—罗非鱼—蕹菜)、C(花鳗鲡—罗非鱼—蕹菜同时添加玉米淀粉)、D(花鳗鲡—罗非鱼—蕹菜同时添加木薯淀粉)4组,其中,A、B组为非生物絮团组,C、D组为生物絮团组。试验期间不换水,仅投喂花鳗鲡商品饲料,两种淀粉的添加量为花鳗鲡实际摄食量的75%,此时碳氮比为12,试验共进行78 d。结果表明:养殖水质方面,到试验结束时,生物絮团组在总氮、总磷、三态氮方面均显著低于单养组(P<0.05);养殖期间,各组氨氮和亚硝酸氮含量变化剧烈,无明显规律,叶绿素a含量随养殖水温的变化呈先升高后降低的趋势,COD含量随生物絮团形成量起伏变化;絮体体积形成量与总悬浮颗粒(TSS)变化规律一致;试验结束时,D组絮团蛋白质含量最高(23.68%),与C组无显著性差异(P>0.05),但二者均显著高于非絮团组A、B (P<0.05);絮团组C的氮、磷利用率分别为31.43%、14.14%,D组氮、磷利用率分别为28.04%、13.69%,二者均显著高于非絮团组A(18.43%,9.23%)和B(19.91%,8.42%);生物絮团组(C、D)在花鳗鲡生物量、终末平均体质量、特定生长率方面均显著高于非絮团组(A、B)(P<0.05),在饵料系数方面显著低于花鳗鲡单养组(A)(P<0.05),但絮团组间无显著性差异(P>0.05),综合养殖组(B、C、D)在花鳗鲡生长性能方面均优于花鳗鲡单养组(A)。研究表明,在花鳗鲡综合养殖系统中,添加有机碳源能够显著改善养殖水环境,提升花鳗鲡生长性能及对饲料中氮磷的利用率。A 78-days feeding trial of polyculture of marbled eel Anguilla marmorata , tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and water spinach Ipomoea aquatica was conducted in 12 indoor cement tanks of each 3.0 m×5.0 m×1.2 m by supplement with cassava starch and corn starch using biological floc technology to assess the effect of addition of carbon source on water quality in culture tanks and production performance in marbled eel. Marbled eel juveniles with body weight of 141.5 g were monocultured at a stocking density of 8 individuals/m^2 as a control (group A) and polycultured with tilapia with body weight of 74.5 g at a density of 8 individuals/m^2 and water spinach water at a biomass of 200 g/m^2 without starch supplementation (group B) and with corn starch supplementation (group C) and with cassava starch supplementation (group D). During the experiment the marbled eel were fed commercial feed twice a day with organic carbon sources at a dose of 75% of feed intake by marbled eel, and C/N ratio of 12, without water exchange. The results showed that there were significantly lower concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), NO2^--N, and NH 4^+-N in water in the polyculture ponds with starch supplementation than those in the control tank ( P <0.05) at the end of the experiment. During the experiment, great fluctuation of NO2^--N, and NH4^+-N levels were observed among various groups, without regular pattern, and the concentration of chlorophyll a was found to be increased first and then decreased with change in water temperature. The COD levels were changed with amount of biofloc which was consistent with the change in total suspended particle levels. The maximal protein content in biofloc was found in group D (23.68%), without significant difference from group C (21.88%)( P >0.05), significantly higher than those in groups A(17.33%) and B(16.89%)( P <0.05 ). There were significantly higher utilization coefficients of nitrogen and phosphorous in group C (31.43% and 14.14%) and group D (28.08% and 13.69%) that t

关 键 词：花鳗鲡 生物絮团 水质 氮磷利用率 

分 类 号：S965.223[农业科学—水产养殖]