英国土地信托法溯源  

The Origin of Trusts of Land in England

作　　者：蒋涛 Jiang Tao(Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430074 , China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院

出　　处：《湖北警官学院学报》2019年第1期80-89,共10页Journal of Hubei University of Police

基　　金：司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目"大陆法系农地权利体系研究"(16SFB3034)阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：英国土地信托法律制度来源于英国中世纪的用益制度,当代英国的信托是中世纪用益制度的"直系后代",这是西方学者的一致看法。而西方学者对英国土地信托法的前身——用益制度的来源则有三种主要不同的观点。第一种观点认为用益制度来源于罗马法相似的制度或理念,包括罗马法用益权、市民法所有权与裁判官所有权的分离、遗产信托等;第二种观点认为用益制度来源于日耳曼法上的萨利克受托人制度;第三种观点认为用益制度来源于伊斯兰法瓦克夫制度。对以上观点进行考察论证可以得出结论:用益制度来源于日耳曼法的观点最为可信,但是这并不能排除罗马法和伊斯兰法对英国用益和信托历史发展的影响。由于土地信托法在英美财产法中具有特殊的重要地位,从比较法的角度,在中国农地法律制度改革的时代背景下,研究英国土地信托法具有积极意义。The consensus of the western scholars is that, the legal system of trusts of land is derived from the medieval Use, and the modem British trusts law is the descendant of the medieval Use. However, on the origin of medieval U se, western scholars have three main different views. The first view is that the Use originates from Roman laws system or idea, including the usufructus, the separation of the ex jure civili and bonitarian Ownership, fideicommissum, etc. The second view holds that the Use comes from the salic fiduciary system in the Germanic law. The third view holds that the Use originates from the waqf of islamic law. After reviewing the above views, it is not difficult to draw a conclusion: the most credible view is that the Use originates from the Germanic law, but this does not exclude the influences of Roman law and Islamic law on the historical development of the English Uses and trusts. As the trusts of land have a special important role in the Anglo-American property law, it is significant to study the law of land trusts of England from the perspective of comparative law, especially today we are in the time of China's rural land legal system reformation.

关 键 词：英国 土地信托 用益 来源 罗马法 伊斯兰法 日耳曼法 

分 类 号：D93[政治法律—法学] D97