我国制造业行业间资源错配、行业要素投入效率与全要素生产率  

Resources Misallocation,Factor Input Efficiency and Total Factor Productivity among Manufacturing Industries in China

作　　者：张伯超 靳来群 胡善成 ZHANG Bochao;JIN Laiqun;HU Shancheng(Institute of Economics,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai 200235,China;School of Business,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China)

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院经济研究所,上海200235 [2]宁波大学商学院,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《南京财经大学学报》2019年第1期1-13,共13页Journal of Nanjing University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目(16JJD790031);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(18YJC790068);国家自然科学基金青年项目(71803093)

摘　　要：纠正我国制造业行业间的资源错配,提高制造业资源配置效率,是深化供给侧结构性改革的重要任务,同时也是实现制造强国战略目标的必然要求。利用简化测算模型及2006—2015年制造业2位数行业数据,对我国制造业行业间资源错配状况进行测算,测算结果显示,制造业行业间资源错配导致TFP年均损失8. 95%,其中资本错配引致TFP年均损失达到1. 51%,劳动错配引致TFP年均损失达到6. 45%,行业间资源错配主要表现为劳动错配。对制造业细分行业要素投入过度和不足程度的分析发现,制造业各细分行业要素投入过度和不足状态具有一定的规律性和持续性,国家重点支持行业存在显著的资本投入过度。对各省制造业行业间资源错配程度的测算和分析发现,河北、江苏、山东、河南、湖北以及四川的资源错配程度最低,基本都在10%以下;新疆、青海、海南、贵州这四个省份的资源错配程度都在40%以上,且海南的资源错配程度最高;其余省份介于两者之间。因此,有必要加快产业政策转型,继续加大对高新技术产业的扶持力度,同时针对各省具体情况采取差异化措施优化制造业行业间资源配置效率。Correcting resources misallocation among manufacturing industries and improving resources allocation efficiency are important tasks to deepen structural reform of supply side and an inevitable requirement to achieve strategic goal of manufacturing powerful country for China.This paper uses simplified calculation model and manufacturing 2-digit industry data to calculate resources misallocation among China's manufacturing industries,which shows that resources misallocation among manufacturing industries leads to 8.95% TFP loss per year,capital misallocation causes annual TFP losses of 1.51% while labor misallocation causes annual TFP losses of 6.45%,and the misallocation of resources is mainly labor misallocation.The analysis of excessive and insufficient factor input in manufacturing industry shows that the excessive and insufficient factors input in the sectors of manufacturing industry have certain regularity and sustainability.The state's key supporting industries'capital input are significantly excessive.The calculation and analysis of resources misallocation degree of provinces has found that the misallocation of Hebei,Jiangsu,Shandong,Henan,Hubei and Sichuan are the lowest,Xinjiang,Qinghai,Hainan and Guizhou are all mismatched more than 40%,and the resources misallocation of Hainan is the highest,and the remaining provinces'resources misallocation are somewhere in between.Therefore,it is necessary to accelerate the transformation of industrial policy,continue to increase support for high-tech industries,and take differentiated measures to optimize resource allocation efficiency among manufacturing industries in different provinces.

关 键 词：资源错配 制造业 全要素生产率 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济]