法国比较社会史研究的兴起、方法与争论  

The Origins,Methodologies,and Controversies of Comparative Social History in France

作　　者：肖琦[1,2] Xiao Qi

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史系 [2]邮编:200241

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2019年第1期78-87,159,共11页Historiography Bimonthly

基　　金：上海市社会科学规划青年项目"法兰西第三共和国的共和危机:以知识精英的讨论为核心(1919-1939)"(项目编号:2017ELS005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪70年代以后,受到文化转向、语言转向、国际局势等因素的影响,法国经典社会史研究呈现出"碎片化"的趋势,在法国学界引发了一场有关史学"危机"的大讨论。在此背景下,比较研究作为历史学克服危机,进行革新的方法被重新提出。比较社会史是对经典社会史的比较研究传统的重新发掘与革新,体现了比较方法与社会史方法的融合。更重要的是,在全球化进程日益加快的当下,比较社会史从超越民族国家史出发,为史学研究提供了一种发现和提出问题的视角。而来自"文化迁移"、"交叉史"等相关研究范式的质疑与竞争,有助于比较社会史进一步厘清它的研究理路,使之与上述研究范式一起共同推进对欧洲共同历史记忆乃至全人类发展进程的历史书写。Since the 1970s, influenced by the cultural turn, linguistic turn, and changes in international situations, the classical school of social history in France has showed a trend of fragmentation. This development has triggered the great discussion of the “crisis of history.” In this context, as a way of overcoming the crisis, scholars call for a reform. Thus, comparative social history has been brought up again. As a historical approach, it builds on the tradition of social history, with a further inclusion of comparative methods in social historical studies. More importantly, with the acceleration of globalization process, comparative social history starts with a goal to transcend the national history paradigm and provides historical research with a perspective of discovery. The competition with “correlative” studies such as “transferts culturels” and “histoire croisée,” will help comparative social history to further consolidate its approach. In collaboration with other approaches, this new school of historical research will nurture the historical writing of the European common memory, and even address the destiny of the entire mankind.

关 键 词：社会史 比较 法国 

分 类 号：K095.65[历史地理—历史学]