日本明治维新史编撰与叙述中的史观问题  

On the Conception of History and the Writing of the Meiji Restoration in Japan

作　　者：李文明[1] Li Wenming

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所,助理研究员100006

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2019年第1期110-122,160,共14页Historiography Bimonthly

摘　　要：史观对历史的编撰与叙述影响深刻。明治时期出现的王政复古史观、萨长史观主导了1945年以前日本的官方历史编撰,勤王旧藩史观影响了日本地方史志的编撰。萨长史观与勤王旧藩史观都是由王政复古史观分化而来。在这些史观影响下的历史编撰有着浓重的倾向性。近年,日本又出现了一些同情幕府的"幕府史观",这类史观也是需要加以辨析的。1945年以后的日本史学界,唯物史观史学、实证主义史学在明治维新史研究上取得很大进展,一定程度上纠正了1945年以前王政复古史观、萨长史观对历史编撰的影响。The conception of history has profound influence on the compilation and research of history. Regarding the Meiji Restoration, scholars in Japan have adopted various approaches to write its history. Before 1945, they praised the role of the emperor and the leaders from Satsuma and Choshu, and such a view dominated official historiography. Local histories also focused on the winning side. In recent years, some scholars in Japan started to develop a sympathetic view of the Tokugawa government. This phenomenon demands our attention, too. In general, the development of historical materialism and historical positivism has greatly contributed to the study of the history of the Meiji Restoration. To some extent, the conservative view that underscores the role of the emperor and Satsuma and Choshu has been corrected.

关 键 词：明治维新 王政复古史观 萨长史观 唯物史观 

分 类 号：K313.41[历史地理—历史学]