曹妃甸表层沉积物和底栖生物重金属的污染特征与生物积累  

Pollution Characteristics and Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments and Benthos in the Coastal Area of Caofeidian

作　　者：梁淼 李德鹏[1,2] 孙丽艳 钟慧颖[1,2] 鞠茂伟[1,2] 陈兆林 路波[1,2] LIANG Miao;LI De-peng;SUN Li-yan;ZHONG Hui-ying;JU Mao-wei;CHEN Zhao-lin;LU Bo(National Marine Environmental Monitoring Centre ,Dalian 116023,China;Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas,SOA ,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋环境监测中心,辽宁大连116023 [2]国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境重点实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《海岸工程》2018年第4期17-28,共12页Coastal Engineering

基　　金：国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境重点实验室开放基金--北黄海盆地沉积物碳埋藏特征研究(2017-A-150)

摘　　要：利用2014-06曹妃甸近岸海域14个采样站位沉积物和底栖生物体7种重金属(Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr,Hg和As)单因子污染指数、富集系数、潜在生态风险因子和生物-沉积物积累因子,评估了曹妃甸近岸海域表层沉积物重金属的污染现状、潜在生态风险水平和生物-沉积物积累程度。结果表明:曹妃甸近岸海域表层沉积物中重金属元素含量大小顺序为Zn>Cr>Pb>Cu>As>Cd>Hg;空间分布上呈现靠近曹妃甸填海区域含量高、远离其区域含量低的趋势。重金属元素污染程度由高到低为Cd,Hg,Zn,Pb,Cu,Cr,As,其中Cd的污染程度为轻微污染,其余重金属元素富集污染程均为无污染。综合潜在生态风险等级"较低"水平,其中Cd元素是较大的潜在风险因子。底栖生物生物体重金属元素含量大小顺序依次为Zn>Cu>As>Cd>Cr>Hg>Pb,Cd在2种双壳类贝类生物体内具有较强的累积作用,是沉积物重金属含量的6.64倍,其余均显示没有累积。By using single factor pollution index, enrichment factor, potential ecological risk factor and biota-sediment accumulation factor of 7 heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg and As) in the surface sediments and benthos collected from 14 sampling stations in the coastal area of Caofeidian in June of 2014, the pollution status of heavy metals in the surface sediments, the potential ecological risk level and the biota-sediment accumulation degree in the coastal area of Caofeidian are assessed. The results show that the contents of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the study area are in the following order of Zn >Cr >Pb >Cu >As >Cd >Hg, and the spatial distributions of the heavy metal contents show that the contents of heavy metals tend to be higher near the Caofeidian reclamation area and lower far away from this area. The pollution degrees of the heavy metals degree from high to low: Cd >Hg >Zn >Pb >Cu >Cr >As, of which the pollution degree of Cd belongs to slight pollution and others are all pollution-free. The comprehensive potential ecological risk grades of the heavy metals in the coastal area of Caofeidian are at a low level, but Cd could be the highest potential ecological risk factor. The contents of heavy metals in benthos are in the following order of Zn >Cu >As >Cd >Cr >Hg >Pb, of which Cd shows a relatively higher bioaccumulation in two types of bivalve shellfish organisms and all others show no significant bioaccumulation.

关 键 词：曹妃甸 沉积物重金属 生物积累 潜在生态风险 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]