行向和种植方式对成熟期玉米叶片衰老生理特性的影响  

Effects of Row and Planting Pattern on Senescence Physiological Characteristics of Maize Leaves at Mature Period

作　　者：田畅 王洋[1] TIAN Chang;WANG Yang(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《华北农学报》2018年第A01期111-116,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(20140101155JC);吉林省与中科院科技合作项目(2015SYHZ0031);研究所"一三五"战略规划项目(IGA-135-04)

摘　　要：良玉99目前是我国种植面积较为广泛的紧凑性高产玉米品种。为了充分发挥该品种在吉林种植区域的高产潜力,开展了行向和种植方式两者相配置的田间试验,在南北行向、东西行向和南偏西20°3种行向下,采取3种不同种植方式,研究不同行距行向组合对成熟期玉米不同叶位叶片的光合速率、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量等生理指标的影响。结果表明,160 cm+40 cm行距种植下的玉米不同部位叶片光合速率明显高于其他2种模式;南偏西20°行向玉米不同部位可溶性糖含量低于东西行向;南偏西20°行向种植的玉米不同部位叶片可溶性蛋白含量均比其他2种行向高;南偏西20°行向玉米穗位叶游离氨基酸总量显著高于南北行向,但上部叶片和下部叶片低于南北行向;南偏西20°行向玉米下部叶片脱落酸含量均显著低于其他2种行向。说明玉米叶片在生育后期受到行向的影响要大于行距,高光效种植方式更有利于延缓玉米叶片衰老。Currently,Liangyu 99 is a compact and high-yielding maize variety with wide planting area in our country.In order to give full play to the high-yield potential of it in Jilin planting area,field experiments were conducted in the spring maize growing area of Jilin Province to investigate the effects of three planting patterns and three row orientation,which were northeast-to-southwest(SW),east-to-west orientation (EW) and northeast-to-southwest orientation (SW20),where the orientation was 20 of south bias west,on the effects of row and planting pattern on photosynthetic rate,soluble sugar content,soluble protein content of leaves at different leaf positions of maize during grain filling period.Maize was planted in three planting patterns.It was found that the photosynthetic rate in different parts of maize under 160 cm+40 cm was significantly higher than that in the other two patterns;soluble sugar content in different parts of maize in SW20 was lower than EW;The content of soluble protein in different parts of maize grown in SW20 was higher than those in the other two lines.The total free amino acids in maize in SW20 was significantly higher than that in SW,but the upper leaves and lower part.The leaves were lower than the SW;the abscisic acid content of the lower maize leaves in SW20 was significantly lower than the other two directions.The results showed that during the later period of growth the maize leaves were more affected by the row direction than the high light-efficiency planting method,which was more conducive to delay the leaf senescence of maize.

关 键 词：玉米 行向 宽窄行 衰老生理 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]